Food Waste and Loss Management - Causes, Effects and Possible Solutions from A Nigeria Context
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54536/ajfst.v3i1.2744Keywords:
Food Waste, Food Loss, Food Security, Nigeria, Vegetable Waste, Organic WasteAbstract
Food waste and loss present significant challenges globally, with Nigeria being particularly affected. This study comprehensively analyzes the causes, effects, and potential solutions to food waste within the Nigerian context. Drawing on extensive research and secondary data sources, the study highlights the pervasive nature of food waste, focusing on key sectors such as tomato, onion, and chili production. It identifies critical factors contributing to food waste, including inadequate infrastructure, pests and diseases, transportation constraints, and policy gaps. The socioeconomic impacts of food waste, such as increased food prices, exacerbated poverty, and environmental degradation, underscore the urgency of addressing this issue. However, amidst these challenges lie opportunities for intervention. Nigeria can significantly reduce food waste, enhance food security, and promote economic development by implementing a holistic approach that encompasses infrastructure development, sustainable agricultural practices, and supportive policies. Additionally, individual actions, such as meal planning and supporting local farmers, play a crucial role in mitigating food waste at the grassroots level. Through collaborative efforts involving governments, businesses, civil society, and individuals, Nigeria can pave the way towards a more resilient and sustainable food system, ensuring equitable access to nutritious food while preserving the environment for future generations. The methodology employed in this study entailed data collection primarily from prior research and secondary sources such as published studies, newspapers, articles, and relevant materials. The study’s focal point centered on food waste and loss, with a specific focus on vegetable waste within the Nigerian context.
Downloads
References
Adekoya, F. (2020,). FG mulls standards for tomato value chain three years after import policy. The Guardian October 2. 2020. https://guardian.ng/business-services/industry/fg-mulls-standards-for-tomato-value-chain-three-years-after-import-policy/
Agrofair. (2018). Agrilogistics – Nigeria Improving Inland Transport Modalities for Vegetables and Food Crops between Production Zones, Urban Conglomerations and Export Hubs.. Retrieved from http://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/ar/119621553491843031/pdf/Improving-Inland-Transport-Moalities-for-Vegetables-and-Food-Crops-between-Production-Zones-Urban-Conglomerations-and-Export-Hubs.pdf
Akerele, D., Afolayan, S., Oyawole, F., & Sanusi, R. (2017). Socioeconomic determinants of food waste among households in Abeokuta, Ogun State. Nigerian Journal of Agricultural Economics (NJAE), 7(1), 25-35.
Baig, M. B., Gorski, I., & Neff, R. A. (2018). Understanding and addressing waste of food in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2018.08.030
CBI. (2021). Food Loss in Nigeria - Value Chain Analysis (VCA) of Tomato, Onions & Chili Value Chains. Centre for the Promotion of Imports from Developing Countries. Retrieved from https://www.cbi.eu/sites/default/files/market_information/researches/VCA%20Food%20Loss%20in%20Nigeria%202020.pdf
Chalak, A., Abiad, M. G., Diab, M., & Nasreddine, L. (2019). The determinants of household food waste generation and its associated caloric and nutrient losses: the case of Lebanon. PLoS One, 14(12), e0225789.
Christine P, Youri D, Fédes van Rijn, Johann B., & Olufolajimi T. (2019). The vegetable and potato sector Nigeria: An overview of the present status. Wageningen Economic Research, Report, P.7.
Crippa, M., Solazzo, E., Guizzardi, D., Monforti-Ferrario, F., & Tubiello, F. N. (2021). Food Systems are responsible for a third of global anthropogenic GHG emissions. Nature Food, 2(3), 198-209. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43016-021-00225-9
Crisis Group International. (2017). Herders against Farmers: Nigeria’s Expanding Deadly Conflict. https://www.crisisgroup.org/africa/west-africa/nigeria/252-herders-against-farmers-nigerias-expanding-deadly-conflict
DaSilva, J. G. (2021). Feeding the world sustainably. UN Chronicles. https://www.un.org/en/chronicle/article/feeding-world-sustainably
Food and Agriculture Organization. (2014). The state of food insecurity in the world 2014. Strengthening the enabling environment for food security and nutrition. http://www.fao.org/3/a–i4030e.pdf
Food and Agriculture Organization. (2015). Food wastage footprint: full-cost accounting. http://www.fao.org/3/a-i3991e.pdf
Food and Agriculture Organization. (2024). Food Waste Index Report 2024. Think Eat Save: Tracking Progress to Halve Global Food Waste. https://wedocs.unep.org/20.500.11822/45230
Filimonau, V., Nghiem V. N., & Wang, L. E. (2021). Food waste management in ethnic food restaurants. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 92, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2020.102731
Flanagan, A., & Priyadarshini, A. (2021). A study of consumer behaviour towards food-waste in Ireland: Attitudes, quantities and global warming potentials. Journal of Environmental Management, 284, 112046.
Food and Agriculture Organization. (2013). Food wastage footprint: Impacts on natural resources. Summary report. fao.ord/3/i3347e/i3347e.pdf
Food and Agriculture Organization. (2020). Technical Platform on the Measurement and Reduction of Food Loss and Waste. http://www.fao.org/platform-food-losswaste/en/
Fresh Plaza. (2019). Tuta absoluta is a threat to tomatoes in Nigeria. https://www.freshplaza.com/article/9132955/tuta-absoluta-is-a-threat-to-tomatoes-in-nigeria/
Gbenga, A. (2019, April 9). Two years after, stakeholders still waiting for tomato policy. The Guardian. https://guardian.ng/features/agro-care/two-years-after-stakeholders-still-waiting-for-tomato-policy/
Gunders, D., & Bloom, J. (2017). Wasted: How America is Losing Up to 40 Percent of Its Food From Farm to Fork to Landfill. The Natural Resource Defense Council.
Gustavsson, J., Cederberg, C., Sonesson, U., Van Otterdijk, R., & Meybeck, A. (2011). Global food losses and food waste. http://www.fao.org/docrep/014/mb060e/mb060e.pdf
Hamilton, C., Denniss, R., & Baker, D. (2005). Wasteful consumption in Australia. Discussion Paper Number 77, March 2005, Manuka, Australia: The Australia Institute.
Hebrok, M., & Heidenstrøm, N. (2019). Contextualising food waste prevention – Decisive moments within everyday practices. Journal of Cleaner Production, 210, 1435–1448. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.11.141.
Hennchen, B. (2019). Knowing the kitchen: Applying practice theory to issues of food waste in the food service sector. Journal of Cleaner Production, 225, 675–683. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.03.293.
IFPRI. (2018). ColdHubs: Addressing the crucial problem of food loss in Nigeria with solar-powered refrigeration. https://www.ifpri.org/blog/coldhubs-addressing-crucial-problem-food-loss-nigeria-solar-powered-refrigeration
Kasavan, S., Mohamed, A., & Halim, S. (2019). Drivers of food waste generation: Case study of island-based hotels in Langkawi, Malaysia. Waste Management, 91, 72-79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2019.04.055
Koch, J., Wimmer, F., & Schaldach, R. (2018). Analyzing the relationship between urbanization, food supply and demand, and irrigation requirements in Jordan. Science of the Total Environment, (636), 1500–1509. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.04.058
Kummu, M., De Moel, H., Porkka, M., Siebert, S., Varis, O., & Ward, P. J. (2012). Lost food wasted resources: Global food supply chain losses and their impacts on freshwater, cropland, and fertiliser use. Science of the total environment, 438, 477-489.
Lagos State Waste Management Authority (LAWMA). (2015). Data on waste collection and characterization. Personal communication.
Lantz, M. U. (2021). Bureaucratic corruption and market access: the case of smallholder farmers in Nigeria (Master’s thesis). Ministry of foreign affairs. https://www.cbi.eu/market-information/fresh-fruit-vegetables/vca-nigeria-ffv-2020
Licciardello, F. (2017). Packaging, blessing in disguise. Review on its diverse contribution to food sustainability. Trends Food Sci Technol. (65), 32–9. 10.1016/j.tifs.2017.05.003
Ma, S., Zhou, C., Pan, J., Yang, G., Sun, C., Liu, Y., Chen, X., & Zhao, Z. (2022). Leachate from municipal solid waste landfills in a global perspective: Characteristics, influential factors and environmental risks. Journal of Cleaner Production, 333, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.130234
Magnet. (2018). Food Waste Around the World. Retrieved from https://www.magnet.co.uk/advice-inspiration/blog/2018/February/foodwaste-around-the-world/
Mebratu, D. (1998). Sustainability and sustainable development: Historical and conceptual review. Environmental Impact Assessment Review, 18, 493–520. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0195-9255(98)00019-5
Närvänen, E., Mesiranta, N., Mattila, M., & Heikkinen, A. (2020). Introduction: A framework for managing food waste. In E. Närvänen, N. Mesiranta, M. Mattila, & A. Heikkinen (Eds.), Food waste management. Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-20561-4_1
National Bureau of Statistics/Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development Collaborative Survey on National Agriculture Sample Survey (NASS), 2010/2011
Neff, R. A., Spiker, M., Rice, C., Schklair, A., Greenberg, S., & Broad Leib, E. (2019). Misunderstood food date labels and reported food discards: A survey of U.S. consumer attitudes and behaviors. Waste Management, 86, 123–132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2019.01.023
Oelofse, S. H., & Nahman, A. (2013). Estimating the magnitude of food waste generated in South Africa. Waste Management & Research, 31(1), 80-86.
Oguntade, A. E. (2014). Food losses in cassava and maize value chains in Nigeria: Analysis and recommendations for reduction strategies. Department of Agricultural & Resource Economics, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria. https://www.giz.de/fachexpertise/downloads/giz2013-en-reducingfood-losses-improve-food-security.pdf
Ojo, E., & Adebayo, P. (2012). Food Security in Nigeria: An Overview. European Journal of Sustainable Development, 1, 199–222.
Omokaro, G. O., Michael, I., & Evgenievich, P. V. (2024a). Assessing the Environmental and Health Implications of Waste Disposal: A Case Study of Africa’s Largest Dumping Site. Journal of Geography, Environment and Earth Science International, 28(5), 16–30. https://doi.org/10.9734/jgeesi/2024/v28i5767
Omokaro, G. O., Omono, I., Nafula, Z. S., & Niambe, O. K. (2024b). Understanding the Perspectives of Small-Scale Arable Crop Farmers on Soil Management Practices in Uhen L.G.A, Edo State. American Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Innovation, 3(2), 23–34. https://doi.org/10.54536/ajmri.v3i2.2570
Omokaro, G. O., Biokoro, P. T., & Michael, I. (2023). Farmers Perception of Practices in Crop Production in Relation to Soil Health in Sapele Delta State. American Journal of Environment and Climate, 2(3), 101–113. https://doi.org/10.54536/ajec.v2i3.2218
Oyelola, O. T., & Babatunde, A. I. (2008). Characterization of domestic and market solid wastes at source in Lagos metropolis, Lagos, Nigeria. African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 3(12), 430–437.
Papargyropoulou, E., Steinberger, J. K., Wright, N., Lozano, R., Padfield, R., & Ujang, Z. (2019). Patterns and causes of food waste in the hospitality and food service sector: Food waste prevention insights from Malaysia. Sustainability, 11, 6016. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11216016
Park, S., & Lah, T. J. (2015). Analyzing the success of the volume-based waste fee system in South Korea. Waste Management, 43, 533–538. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2015.06.011
Peter, L., Peter, W., & Oakdene, H. (2010). Waste arising in the supply of food and drink to households in the UK. Retrieved from https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5a60c3cc9f07f58443081f58/t/5ab3e178562fa7cddb9dfd6b/1521738110566/2010_wrap_waste_arisings_in_the_supply_of_food_and_drink_to_households_in_the_uk.pdf
Pinto, R. S., Pinto, R. M., Melo, F. F., Campos, S. S., & Cordovil, C. M. (2018). A simple awareness campaign to promote food waste reduction in a University canteen. Waste Management, 76, 28-38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2018.02.044
PM News. (2019, October 28). Onion farming can generate N 151 bn annually. https://www.pmnewsnigeria.com/2019/10/28/onion-farming-can-generate-n151bn-annually-group/
Rathi, S. (2007). Optimization Model for Integrated Municipal Solid Waste Management in Mumbai, India. Environment and Development Economics, 12, 105–121.
Salisu Lawal Halliru, Aliyu Shu’aibu Muhammad, Zahara’u Ishaq Umar. (2019). An Assessment of Onion Post Harvest Loss in Desert Prone Front Line Area of Kano State Nigeria. Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare, 9(4), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.7176/JBAH
Sanda, N. B., Sunusi, M., Hamisu, H. S., Wudil, B. S., Sule, H., & Abdullahi, A. M. (2018). Biological Invasion of Tomato Leaf Miner, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) in Nigeria: Problems and Management Strategies Optimization: A Review. Asian Journal of Agricultural and Horticultural Research, 1(4), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.9734/AJAHR/2018/41959
Schanes, K., Dobernig, K., & Gozet, B. (2018). Food waste matters - A systematic review of household food waste practices and their policy implications. Journal of Cleaner Production, 182, 978-991.
Secondi, L., Principato, L., & Laureti, T. (2015). Household food waste behaviour in EU– 27 countries: A multilevel analysis. Food Policy, 56, 25–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodpol.2015.07.007
Shao, X., Jeong, E., Jang, S. C., & Xu, Y. (2020). Mr. Potato Head fights food waste: The effect of anthropomorphism in promoting ugly food. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2020.102521
Technoserve. (2020). How is Climate Change Affecting Post-Harvest Loss in Nigeria? https://www.technoserve.org/blog/how-is-climate-change-affecting-post-harvest-loss-in-nigeria/
The Guardian Nigeria. (2016). Inside the parlous Mile 12 Market. https://guardian.ng/features/weekend/inside-the-parlous-mile-12-market/
Thi, N. B. D., Kumar, G., & Lin, C.-Y. (2015). An overview of food waste management in developing countries: Current status and future perspective. Journal of environmental management, 157, 220-229.
Thyberg, K. L., & Tonjes, D. J. (2016). Drivers of food waste and their implications for sustainable policy development. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 106, 110-123.
United Nations. (2015). Sustainable Development Goals. https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/?menu=1300
WEF - World Economic Forum. (2016). Which Countries Spend the most on Food? This Map will show you. https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2016/12/this-map-shows-howmuch-each-country-spends-on-food/
World Vegetable Center. (2018). Increasing production and reducing postharvest losses of onion in Nigeria. https://avrdc.org/increasing-production-and-reducing-postharvest-losses-of-onion-in-nigeria/
WRAP. (2011). New estimates for household food and drink waste in the UK. Retrieved from http://www.wrap.org.uk/content/new-estimateshousehold-food-and-drink-waste-uk (accessed 20.03.24).
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Eucharia Chisom Nnoli, Ugochukwu Jones Ibeneme, Godspower Oke Omokaro, Itohanosa Omolara Osarhiemen, Paul Obokparo Ewubare, Sarah Onosteike Aliyu, Ndubuisi Louis James

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.