Assessing the Quality of Life (QoL) Among the Elderly Population in Three Governorates in Oman

Abstract

Population aging has emerged as a significant public health concern globally, including in the Sultanate of Oman. Understanding the quality of life (QoL) among older adults is essential for developing responsive healthcare and social support interventions. This study aimed to assess the quality of life among elderly individuals residing in three governorates of Oman and identify dimensions contributing positively and negatively to their well-being. A descriptive quantitative cross-sectional research design was utilized among 415 elderly respondents from Al Buraimi, North Al Batinah, and South Al Batinah governorates. Data was collected using the standardized 13-item Quality of Life instrument developed by Bowling. Responses were measured using a five-point Likert scale ranging from 1 (Very Bad) to 5 (Very Good). Descriptive statistical tools, including frequency, percentage, weighted mean, and average weighted mean, were employed for data analysis. Findings revealed an overall average weighted mean of 3.30, interpreted as “Alright,” indicating a moderate level of quality of life among respondents. Social and leisure engagement received the highest rating (WM = 3.90), suggesting positive social participation among elderly individuals. Conversely, financial sufficiency for household expenses obtained the lowest weighted mean (WM = 2.70), reflecting financial challenges experienced by respondents. The study concludes that elderly individuals in the selected governorates generally experience moderate quality of life characterized by positive social relationships and emotional well-being but constrained by economic limitations. The findings highlight the importance of strengthening elderly welfare programs, financial support initiatives, health promotion activities, and community-based active aging interventions in Oman.