Therapeutic Effect of N-Hexane Extract of Zingiber Officinale (Ginger Oil) on Loperamide Induced Constipation in Wistar Rats
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54536/ajmsi.v3i1.2452Keywords:
Constipation, Intestinal Transit, Antioxidant, Zingiber OfficinaleAbstract
Constipation is a common gastrointestinal disorder that affects people of different ages, but is more common in elderly females. The disease has negative impact on the quality of life and can cause many complications including faecal incontinence, anal fissures, bowel perforation and bloating if not treated. This research was carried out to investigate the effect of n-hexane extract of Zingiber officinale (ginger oil [GO]) on loperamide-induced constipation in Wistar rats. Twenty four (24) Wistar rats of both sexes were randomly separated into 6 groups (n=4). Group 1 (control) received normal saline (NS) only, while groups 2 to 6 were treated with 4 mg/Kg/day loperamide. After 1 hour of loperamide treatment, Groups 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 received 1 mL/kg/day NS, 100 mg/Kg/day GO (LDGO), 200 mg/Kg/day GO (MDGO), 400 mg/Kg/day GO (HDGO), and the standard drug bisacodyl (5 mg/Kg/day). All drugs were administered orally. Daily faecal pellet counts, weight and water content were measured. Intestinal transit of charcoal meal was determined while colon samples were harvested at sacrifice, homogenized and centrifuged. The supernatant was used to assay for SOD and MDA. Colonic tissue was also analyzed for histological changes. The result showed that, compared to control, loperamide significantly decreased the number, weight and water content of faeces while GO significantly increased all these parameters in a dose dependent manner. Ginger oil also significantly increased intestinal transit ratio and the activity of SOD but reduced MDA relative to loperamide + NS. Furthermore, histomorphology revealed that GO treatment increased the number of mucus secreting goblet cells and the thickness of the colon mucosa relative to Loperamide + NS treated rats. In conclusion, ginger oil ameliorated loperamide-induced constipation by increasing the faecal count, faecal water content and intestinal motility. Furthermore, GO showed protective effect on the colon through antioxidant activity while reducing lipid peroxidation and by also increasing the number of goblet cells and the mucosa thickness of the colon.
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