Road Mapping Towards a Successful School-Based Management System
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54536/ajahs.v1i2.442Keywords:
Advanced level, Experiences in Implementation of SBM, School-based Management System, School-best Practices in SBM, Strategies in Implementation of SBM, 5I’s ModelAbstract
This study described the experiences and determined the process and practices of schools with advanced levels in the implementation of School-Based Management (SBM )in Dinalungan and Casiguran District in the Division of Aurora Philippines. The researcher employed the qualitative descriptive method of research where sixteen participants were interviewed, consisting of school heads, teacher coordinators, and community linkages such as the GPTA President and Barangay captain in the same Division. Thematic analysis and document analysis were utilized in generating the emerged five (5) themes, namely, 1. Planning of School-Based Management, 2. Strategizing and Implementing SBM, 3. Struggling the Rough Roads, 4. Transforming leadership, and 5. Achieving excellence at the end of the rocky road. Furthermore, survey participants discussed the school practices they employed to achieve the advanced level. Insights were also presented for the future growth of SBM implementation. The findings revealed that an excellent school’s management would have a significant impact on the quality of instruction provided to the students, the development of schools’ head leadership, the pedagogical skills of teachers, and its vital relationship to the community stakeholders. Based on the findings of this study and the emerged themes, the researcher has drawn the best practices and offered the 5I’s model, which can be utilized to achieve goals that ensure the long-term viability of school-based management. This will be useful for managing programs and projects that benefit both the schools and students by improving the existing practices, implementing the school-based leadership, and maintaining advanced levels in SBM.
Downloads
References
Arokiasamy et. Al, (2015) Transformational Leadership and Job Satisfaction: The Case of Secondary Education Teachers in Greece. Urnal of Education and Training Studies Vol. 6, No.10; October 2018. ISSN 2324-805X E-ISSN 2324-8068.Published by Redfame Publishing. URL: http://jets.redfame.com
Abulencia, A. S. (2012). School-based Management: A Structural Reform Intervention. The Normal Lights Journal on Teacher Education, 6(1). Retrieved from https://bit.ly/3aCHJkV
Afsar, Badir, Saeed,Jamalullail, Che Fuzlina, Hazita, and Samsidah (2014). Transformational Leadership of School Principals and Organizational Health of Primary School Teachers in Malaysia. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences.Volume 229, 19 August 2016, Pages 151-157
Åkerblom, C. (2011), “Ledarskap, makt och känsla: En narrativ studie av unga ledare. [leadership, power and emotion: a narrative study of young leaders]”, Doctoral thesis, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm.
Algones, B. (2019). Enabling Role of the Stakeholders in School-Based Management Process. The Countryside Development Research Journal. Vol. 7
Allen, N., Grigsby, B., & Peters, M. (2015). Does leadership matter? Examining the relationship among transformational leadership, school climate, and student achievement. International Journal of Educational Leadership Preparation, 10(2), 1-22.
Ali, A. J, Abdullah, A. G. K., & Mohammad, I. (2019). Amalan Pengupayaan dan Autonomi Gurudalam Pembelajaran dan Pemudahcaraan Abad ke-21. Jurnal Kepimpinan Pendidikan, 6(Januari), 49–58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tca.2018.07.022
Alyami, R., & Floyd, A. (2019). Female school leaders’ perceptions and experiences of decentralisation and distributed leadership in the tatweer system in Saudi Arabia. Education Sciences, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci9010025
Al Farra, Samia (2012 ntegration of Character Values in School Culture at Elementary Schools in Jakarta, Indonesia. Journal of Arts and Humanities 6(5):21. DOI:10.18533/journal. v6i5.1171
Amirul & Daud, (2012). The Influence of Individualized Consideration Leadership Behaviour on Employee Performance in Small and Medium Enterprises in Kenya. International Journal of Business and Social Science Vol. 8, No. 2; February 2017
Anuar’s (2012)” The effects of transformational leadership on employee creativity: Moderating role of intrinsic motivation February 2020Asia Pacific Management Review 25(3) DOI:10.1016/j.apmrv.2019.12.002
Arar, K., & Nasra, M. A. (2018). Linking school-based management and school effectiveness: The influence of self-based management, motivation and effectiveness in the Arab education system in Israel. Educational Management Administration and Leadership, 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1177/1741143218775428
Arlanza, E. C. (2011). School-based management (SBM) program and pupils’ achievement, University of Iloilo, Iloilo, Philippines.
ARTD Consultants (2011). Independent review on the school-based management pilot, Department.
Avolio, Zhu, Koh & Bhatia, 2014, Snell, Stanley, Zhang, & Almaz, 2013). The Influence of Individualized Consideration Leadership Behaviour on Employee.Performance in Small and Medium Enterprises in Kenya. International Journal of Business and Social Science Vol. 8, No. 2; February 2017
Аwаmleh, Bakiev, Bilgiç, 2013). The influence of organizational and functional support on the development of salesperson job satisfaction. February 2014. Journal of Personal Selling and Sales Management 35(1): 33-50.DOI:10.1080/08853134.2014.988716
Bakwai, B. & Yusuf, A. (2016). School-based management committee strategies and infrastructural development in Zamfara state basic schools. International Journal of Tropical Educational Issues, Maiden Edition, 96-115. ISSN: 2536-6165. Kaduna: Nasara Press Ltd.
Balasubramanian, Krishnan, Inayatullah and Jehangir (2012. Impact of gender andtransformational leadership on ethical behaviors. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/230734704_Impact_of_gender_and_transformtional_leadership_on_ethical_behaviors.
Balawag, L.A. 2005. Management Practices of Public Secondary School Administrators in Relation to the Job Performance of Teachers. (Unpublished Dissertation, USM, Kabacan, Cotabato).
Bambang S., Nora M. and Hamdan S., (2012). School Committee: an Implementation of School Based Management Policy at School Level in Indonesia. Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai 81310, Johor, Malaysia
Bandur, A. (2017). Stakeholders’ Responses to School-based Management in Indonesia. International Journal of Education Management, Vol.08(0191).
Barrientos, M. A. 2008. The Public Elementary School Administrators’ Managerial Practices and Teacher’s Job Performance in Cotabato Province. (Unpublished Dissertation, USM, Kabacan, Cotabato).
Bass, B. & Riggio, R. (2006). Transformational leadership (2nd ed.). New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers.
Bass, B. (1995). Theory of transformational leadership redux. Leadership Quarterly, 6, 463-478.
Bass, B. (1999). Two decades of research and development in transformational leadership. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 8(1), 9-32.
Bass, B., & Avolio, B. (1993). Improving organizational effectiveness through transformational leadership. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications.
Benjamin, B. and O’Reilly, C. (2011), “Becoming a leader: early career challenges Faced by MBA graduates”, Academy of Management Learning and Education, Vol. 10 No. 3, pp. -472.
Bruggencate, G., Luyten, H., Scheerens, J., & Sleegers, P. (2012). Modeling the influence of school leaders on student achievement: How can school leaders make a difference? Educational Administration Quarterly, 48(4), 699-732. doi:10.1177/0013161X11436272
Bulosan, S.S. 2002. Emotional Intelligence and Job Performance of Public School Teachers in Region XII. (Unpublished Dissertation, USM, Kabacan, Cotabato).
Burns, J. (1978). Leadership. New York, NY: Harper & Row, Publishers, Inc.
Carter, S., & Abawi, L.-A. (2018). Leadership, inclusion, and quality education for all. Australasian Journal of Special and Inclusive Education, 42(1), 49-64.
Caldwell, B. J. (2005). School-based Management. France: The International Institute for Educational Planning (IIEP).
Chen, D. (2019). School-Based Management, School Decision-Making and Education Outcomes in Indonesian Primary Schools. In School-Based Management, School Decision-Making and Education Outcomes in Indonesian Primary Schools. https://doi.org/10.5040/9781474209731.0002.
Cheung & Wong, (2011); Jyoti & Dev, (2015); Khalili, 2016; Mittal & Dhar, (2015) The effects of transformational leadership on employee creativity: Moderating role of intrinsic motivation February 2020. Asia Pacific Management Review 25(3) DOI: 10.1016/j.apmrv.2019.12.002
Collins, Lawrence, Troth, & Jordan, (2013) Leadership Intellectual Stimulation and Team Learning: The Mediating Role of Team Positive Affect DOI: https://doi.org/10.11144/Javeriana.upsy17-1.list
Conger, 2014). Manteklow, 2011). Conger, 2014). The Influence of Individualized Consideration Leadership Behaviour on Employee. Performance in Small and Medium Enterprises in Kenya. Associate Professor of Management, Business Research Methods and Entrepreneurship.United States International University-Africa. P.O. Box 14634-00800 Nairobi, KENYA
DeMatthews, D., & Mawhinney, H. (2014). Social justice leadership and inclusion: Exploring challenges in an urban district struggling to address inequities. Educational Administration Quarterly, 50(5), 844-881. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/0013161X13514440.
Demir et al., (2019); Torlak & Kuzey, (2019); Ali et al., (2020); Mohammed et al., (2020). Transformational Leadership and Financial Performance: The Mediating Roles of Learning Orientation and Firm Innovativeness. Ploychompoo (Mahasarakham Business School, Mahasarakham University). Received: 2020.07.28 Accepted : 2020.09.10 Published : 2020.10.30. (Demir et al., 2019; Torlak & Kuzey, 2019; Ali et al., 2020; Mohammed et al., 2020).
Depeartment of Education in the Philippines the teacher Qualifications standard (2021). https://www.collegechoice.net/faq/what-are-the-requirements-for-a-career-in-teaching-and-education/Department of Education. 2012. Implementing Guidelines on the Revised School-Based
DepEd (2010). DepEd to Strengthen SBM in Schools, Pasig, www.gov.ph accessed/2010/11/23edition). New York: McGraw – Hill Book Company. Philippine Copyright 1994 by National Book Store, Inc.
DepEd National Competency-Based Standards for School Heads Training and Development Needs Assessment (NCBSSH- TDNA), Guide Tools, DepEd EDDPITAF, July 2012
Duze, 2012). Levels of Teachers Commitment to the Teaching Profession in Secondary Schools in Kagera Region, Tanzania. Research on Humanities and Social Sciences ISSN 2224-5766 (Paper) ISSN 2225-0484 (Online) Vol.8, No.14, 2018 www.iiste.org
Eisenbeiß & Boerner, 2013). The Influence of Individualized Consideration Leadership Behaviour on Employee Performance in Small and Medium Enterprises in Kenya. International Journal of Business and Social Science Vol. 8, No. 2; February 2017
Eisenman 2015). Why are So Many Teachers Women? The answer goes back to the opening of higher education to women. https://www.womenshistory.org/articles/why-are-so-many-teachers-women.
Eisenschmidt, E., Kuusisto, E., Poom-Valickis, K., & Tirri, K. (2019). Virtues that create purpose for ethical leadership: Exemplary principals from Estonia and Finland. Journal of Beliefs & Values, 40(4), 433-446. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/13617672.2019.1618152.
Fan, & Das, (2017). Linking transformational leadership, creativity, innovation, and innovation-supportive climate. October 2016. Management Decision 54(9):2277-2293. DOI:10.1108/MD-03-2016-0196
Froebel & Marchington, 2015 Impact of Teamwork on Employees Performance.December 2017 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/340952852_Impact_of_Teamwork_on_Employees_Performance
Forlin, C. I., Chambers, D. J., Loreman, T., Deppler, J., & Sharma, U. (2013). Inclusive education for students with disability: A review of the best evidence in relation to theory and practice.
Fraenkel, J.R. and Wallen, N.E. 1993. How to Design and Evaluate Research in Education (2nd Hattie, John. (2015). “High-Impact Leadership”. Educational Leadership, February, Vol. 72, #5, pp. 36-40 Management (SBM) Framework, Assessment Process and Tool (APAT). In DepEd Order No. 83, s. 2012. DepEd Complex, Meralco Avenue, Pasig City.
Gagabi, M.S. 1991. Variables Influencing Teaching Performance of Master Teachers of DECS Pilot Central Elementary School, Region XII. (Unpublished Dissertation, USM, Kabacan, Cotabato).
Geijsel, F., Sleegers, P., Leithwood, K., & Jantzi, D. (2003). Transformational leadership effects on teachers’ commitment and effort toward school reform. Journal of educational administration, 41(3), 228-256.
Gilman Jackson Nyamubi 2017) Determinants of Secondary School Teachers’ Job Satisfaction in Tanzania. Volume 2017 |Article ID 7282614 | https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/7282614.
Gunawan, 2015. Seven Principles for Good Teaching. https://new.utc.edu/academic-affairs/walker-center-for-teaching-and-learning/online-resources/seven-principles-for-good-teaching
GU & Day 2013. Why do long-serving teachers stay in the teaching profession? Analysing the motivations of teachers with 10 or more years’ experience in England. August 2017. British Educational Research Journal 43(3). DOI:10.1002/berj.3302
Harris, A., & Lambert, L. (2003). Building Leadership Capacity for School Improvement. In RefineCatch Limited (Ed.), Open University Press - Philadelphia. England: McGraw-Hill Education.
Hoogh, Hatog and Koopman (2015. Charismatic Leadership And Power: Using The Power Of Charisma For Better Leadership In The Enter-prises. (Jpmnt) Journal of Process Management – New Technologies, International. Vol. 3, No.2, 2015.
Hussein, A. (2014). Implementation of strategic education policy plan at micro-level contexts: Management and leadership challenges. Malaysian Online Journal of Educational Management.
Ibarra, H., Snook, S. and Ramo, L. (2010), “Identity-based leader development”, in Khurana, R. and Noria, N. (Eds), Handbook of Leadership Theory and Practice, Harvard Business Press, Boston, MA, pp. 657-678.
Isa, A. M., Mydin, A-A., & Abdullah, A. G. K. (2020). School-Based Management(SBM) Practices in Malaysia: A Systematic Literature Review. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences. 10(9), 822-838.
Izzuddin Zaman 2019). Transformational Leadership. A Closer Look at the Effects of Transformational Leadership. Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on March 05, 2020.
James H. Stronge, Holly B. Richard and Nancy Catano 2021. Qualities of Effective Principals.http://www.ascd.org/publications/books/108003/chapters/Instructional-Leadership@-Supporting-Best-Practice.aspx
Jones, M., Adams, D., Hwee Joo, M. T., Muniandy, V., Perera, C. J., & Harris, A. (2015). Contemporary challenges and changes: principals’ leadership practices in Malaysia. Asia Pacific Journal of Education, 35(3), 353-365.
Jyoti & Dev, 2015; Prasad & Junni, 2016. The effects of transformational leadership on employee creativity: Moderating role of intrinsic motivation. February 2020. Asia Pacific Management Review 25(3). DOI: 10.1016/j.apmrv.2019.12.002
KA Arnold (2017). Shiau Wei Chan (2019). The Influence of Transformational Leadership on Organization Innovation in Malaysian Manufacturing Industry.International Journal of Supply Chain Management, 2019
Kevin Kruse (2013) MODULE 1: DEFINING LEADERSHIP & MANAGEMENT. https://ltodd1.weebly.com/defining-leadership--management.
Karataş and Güleş (2011) Measuring Employees’ Commitment through Job Satisfaction: Perception of Public Primary School Teachers. Bulletin of Education and Research. Vol. 39, No. 1 pp. 129-144. April 2017,
Khan, & Mashikhi, ( 2017). Impact of Teamwork on Employees Performance. December 2017 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/340952852_Impact_of_Teamwork_on_Employees_Performance
Klaudia Calvi (2019). Instructional Methods, Strategies And Technologies To Meet The Needs Of All Learners. https://granite.pressbooks.pub/teachingdiverselearners/chapter/direct-instruction/
Lema, Mbilinyi, & Rajani, R. (2014) Levels of Teachers Commitment to the Teaching Profession in Secondary Schools in Kagera Region, Tanzania. Research on Humanities and Social Sciences ISSN 2224-5766 (Paper) ISSN 2225-0484 (Online) Vol.8, No.14, 2018 www.iiste.org
Leithwood, K., Harris, A., & Hopkins, D. (, 2020). Seven strong claims about successful school leadership revisited. School leadership & management, 40(1), 5-22. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/13632434.2019.1596077
Liaw, Chi & Chuang, (2010); Shanker, (2012). The Influence of Individualized Consideration Leadership Behaviour on Employee Performance in Small and Medium Enterprises in Kenya. International Journal of Business and SocialScience Vol. 8, No. 2; February 2017
Ligon, G., Wallace, J. and Osburn, H. (2011), “Experiental development and mentoring processes for leaders’ innovation”, Advances in Developing Human Resources, Vol. 13 No. 3, pp. 297-317.
Mabolo, Aniko A. (April 2021),” The Four I’s of Transformational Leadership: Factors of Teachers’ Motivation and Commitment”
Mansor, A. N., & Suliman, A. (2018). The Practice of School-based Management: Special Reference To Malaysian Clusters Schools And Uk Autonomous Schools. Journal of Adv Research Dynamical & Control System, Vol. 10(02-Special Issue), pp-1618-1626.
Menon, M. W. (2014). The relationship between transformational leadership, perceived leader effectiveness, and teachers’ job satisfaction. Journal of Educational Administration,52(4), 509-528.
Macaya, D. J. B. 2008. Personality and Performance of Administrators of Aleosan Districts. (Unpublished Master’s Thesis. USM, Kabacan, Cotabato).
Matthew Anderson 2017) Transformational Leadership in Education: AReview of Existing Literature. International Science Review. Volume 93. Isuue 1. Article 4 Md Irzan Md Nasir, Ishak Sin (2016). Transformational Leadership Among School Principals in Malaysia. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Science
Montero, R. J. 2010. The influence of school principals’ leadership behavior and school climate on teachers’ and schools’ Performance of the public Elementary schools . (Unpublished Master’s Thesis. USM, Kabacan, Cotabato).
Mittal & Dhar, 2015, 2016; Wang, Tsai, & Tsai, 2014; Wang et al., 2013). Creativity and Leadership in Organizations: A Literature Review. June 2016, Creativity Theories – Research – Applications 3(1):127-151. DOI:10.1515/ctra-2016-0010
Mkumbo (2012), Teachers’ Commitment to, and Experiences of, the Teaching Profession in Tanzania: Findings of Focus Group Research. International Education Studies Vol. 5, No. 3; June 2012.
Naima Andleeb (2019). Transformational Leadership and Design Thinking for the Innovative Organization. EGOS paper proposal for Sub-theme 09: (SWG) Leadership in Art, Design and Organization. Lars Groeger Macquarie Graduate School of Management Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia Tel.: +61 2 9850 9093 Lars. Groeger@mgsm.edu.au
Ng, Prasad & Junni, 2016. The effects of transformational leadership on employee creativity: Moderating role of intrinsic motivation. February 2020, Asia Pacific Management Review 25(3). DOI: 10.1016/j.apmrv.2019.12.002
Northouse, 2018, Cherono, 2016. Transformational Leadership: The Transformation Of Managers And Associates. https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/publication/hr020
Northouse, P. (2016). Leadership: Theory and practice. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, Inc. Ogola, et al. (2017), School Principals’ Transformational Leadership Styles and their Effects on Teachers’ Self-efficacy. Journal Homepage: - www.journalijar.com. Article DOI:10.21474/IJAR01/9875. DOI URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/IJAR01/9875.
Othman and Wanlabeh (2012) Perceptions Matter: The Correlation between Teacher Motivation and Principal Leadership Styles. Anna R. Shepherd-Jones, shepherdjones.anna@lee.k12.al.us, Lee County Schools, Alabama Jill D. Salisbury-Glennon, salisji@auburn.edu, Auburn University.
Pepito G.C. et.al.. 2019. School-Based Management and Performance of Public Elementary School Heads: Basis for Technical Assistance Plan. International Journal of Innovation and Research in Educational Sciences Volume 6, Issue 1, ISSN (Online): 2349–5219
Peralta, P. 2009. The Effectiveness of Elementary School Administrators in Educational Management. (Unpublished Master’s Thesis. Graduate School, University of Southern Mindanao, Kabacan, Cotabato),
Piguerra, A.L. 2005. Personal and Professional Attributes and Management Capabilities of Public Elementary School Heads in the Division of Panabo City.(Unpublished Master’s Thesis, NDU, Cotabato City).
Prabhakar, N.P., & Rao, K.V. (2011). School Based Management: An Analysis of the Planning Framework and Community Participation. Journal of Arts, Science and Commerce, 2(3), 107-118
Quin, J., Deris, A., Bischoff, G., & Johnson, J. T. (, 2015). Comparison of Transformational Leadership Practices: Implications for School Districts and Principal Preparation Programs. Journal of Leadership Education, 14(3). DOI: 1012806/V14/I3/R5.
Rahmatulla (2016), The Relationship between Learning Effectiveness, Teacher Competence and Teachers Performance Madrasah Tsanawiyah at Serang, Banten, Indonesia. Higher Education Studies; Vol. 6, No. 1; 2016 ISSN 1925-4741 E-ISSN 1925-475X. Published by Canadian Center of Science and Education.
Razavi & Ab Aziz, (2017). Linking transformational leadership, creativity, innovation, and innovation-supportive climate. October 2016, Management Decision 54(9):2277-2293. DOI:10.1108/MD-03-2016-0196.
Riaz, A., & Haider, M. H. (2010). Role of transformational and transactional leadership onjob satisfaction and career satisfaction. Business and Economic horizons, 1(1), 29-38.
Rose, Gloria, and Nwachukwu. (2015), “A Review of Leadership Theories, Principle, and Styles and Their Relevance to Educational Management”. Management, Vol. 5(1), pp. 6-14
Sabado, Norberta Pahamutang, 2014. The Influence of Leadership Behavior of School Heads to the Performance of Public and Private High School Teachers in Kidapawan City Division. Dissertation. Graduate School, University of Southern Mindanao.160 pp.
Salanova et al,.2012, Rafferty & Griffin, (2014) Leadership Intellectual Stimulation and Team Learning: The Mediating Role of Team Positive Affect*DOI: https://doi.org/10.11144/Javeriana.upsy17-1.list
Shatzer, R. H., Caldarella, P., Hallam, P. R., & Brown, B. L. (2014). Comparing the effects of instructional and transformational leadership on student achievement: Implications for practice. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 42(4), 445-459.
Shoraku, A. (2009). Educational movement toward school-based management in East Asia: Cambodia, Indonesia and Thailand. Background Paper for EFA Global Monitoring Report. Retrieved from http://unesco.atlasproject.eu/unesco/file/d0b7b767-9e2b-4e2a-bff0-783b6ae6f15b/c8c7fe00-c770-11e1-9b21-0800200c9a66/178720e.pdf
Smith, R. (2015). Advantages and barriers to transformational leadership implementation in a Scientific Laboratory. (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Walden University, MN, USA
Sye Fang Ang 2019) The Influence of Transformational Leadership on Organization Innovation in Malaysian Manufacturing Industry. International Journal of Supply Chain Management, 2019.
Taillard (2020) Why Is Leadership Important? Babson Thiught And Action. https://entrepreneurship.babson.edu/why-is-leadership-important/Tajeddini, (2015). Transformational Leadership and Financial Performance: The Mediating Roles of Learning Orientation and Firm Innovativeness. Ploychompoo (Mahasarakham Business School, Mahasarakham University). Received: 2020.07.28 Accepted : 2020.09.10 Published : 2020.10.30.
Tang Keow Ngang, (2011). The Effect of Transformational Leadership on School Culture in Male’ Primary Schools Maldives. A School of Educational Studies, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden and 11800, Penang, Malaysia
Tansiri, I. Y., & Bong, Y. J. (2018). The Analysis of School-Based Management (SBM) Implementation to the Educational Quality Service of State Junior High School. Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research (ASSEHR), 258(Icream 2018), 424–426. https://doi.org/10.2991/icream-18.2019.89
Tara Kini, Anne Podolsky 2015). Does Teaching Experience Increase Teacher Effectiveness? A Review of the Research. https://learningpolicyinstitute.org/product/does-teaching-experience-increase-teacher-effectiveness-review
Taylan Budur (2021) Transformational Leadership and Affective Commitment at Family Businesses. Tishk International University, Business and Management Department Sulaymaniyah Email: tazhan.mahdi@std.tiu.edu.iq, cemil.top@tiu.edu.iq
Tuttle Wilhelm, K. (2021). The observations of a principal’s transformational leadership. Academia Letters, Article 1839. https://doi.org/10.20935/AL1839.
UNESCO. (2015). Malaysia National Education for All Review Report. World Education Forum, 1–128.
Varatharaj, R. (2015). Autonomi Guru Dan Amalan Pentaksiran Dalam Pengajaran Dan Pembelajaran Kurikulum Standard Sekolah Rendah (KSSR) Di Sekolah Kluster. University Sains Malaysia.
Varatharaj, R., Abdullah, A. G. K., & Ismail, A. (2015). The Effect of Teacher Autonomy on Assessment Practices among Malaysian Cluster School Teachers. International Journal of Asian Social Science, 5(1), 31–36. https://doi.org/10.18488/journal.1/2015.5.1/1.1.31.36
Walumbwa, Wu, & Ojode, 2014.School Leaders: Challenging Roles And Impact On Teacher And School Effectiveness. https://www.oecd.org/education/school/37133393.pdf
Wаlumbwа аnd Lawler, (2013). Influence of inspirational motivation on employee job performance in the insurance industry in Kenya. IJRBS VOL 8 NO 6 ISSN: 2147-4478. Available online at www.ssbfnet.com.Journal homepage: https://www.ssbfnet.com/ojs/index.php/ijrbs.
Ward, Grudnoff, Brooker, & Simpson, (2013). The Influence of Individualized Consideration Leadership Behaviour on Employee Performance in Small and Medium Enterprises in Kenya. International Journal of Business and Social Science Vol. 8, No. 2; February 2017
Wang, Oh, Courtright, & Colbert, (2011); Hu, Gu, & Chen, (2013); Jung, Wu, & Chow, (2008); Noruzy, Dalfard, Azhdari, Nazari-Shirkouhi, & Rezazadeh, 2013). Linking transformational leadership, creativity, innovation, and innovation-supportive climate. October 2016, Management Decision 54(9):2277-2293. DOI:10.1108/MD-03-2016-0196
Waller, S., Dawn, K. (2016). “Teachers’ Perceptions Of School Leaders’ Behaviors And The Relationship To Student Growth/Achievement”. Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 491. https://egrove.olemiss.edu/etd/491
Ward, Grudnoff, Brooker, & Simpson, (2013). The Influence of Individualized Consideration Leadership Behaviour on Employee Performance in Small and Medium Enterprises in Kenya. International Journal of Business and Social Science Vol. 8, No. 2; February 2017
Wang, Oh, Courtright, & Colbert, (2011); Hu, Gu, & Chen, (2013); Jung, Wu, & Chow, (2008); Noruzy, Dalfard, Azhdari, Nazari-Shirkouhi, & Rezazadeh, 2013). Linking transformational leadership, creativity, innovation, and innovation-supportive climate. October 2016, Management Decision 54(9):2277-2293. DOI:10.1108/MD-03-2016-0196
Wang, S. T. (2016). A study on the effect mechanism of Principal Transformational Leadership on students’ modernity. Xi’an: Xi’an Jiao Tong University press (in Chinese).
Walacefoudation.org (2010) “The School Principal as Leader: Guiding School to Better Teaching and Learning’.
Wang, T. (2016). School leadership and professional learning community: Case study of two senior high schools in Northeast China. Asia Pacific Journal of Education, 36(2), 202-216. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/02188791.2016.1148849
Williams, C. J. (2009). Exposure and Experience: Additional Criteria for Selecting FutureOperational Theater Commanders. Naval War College, Newport, RI: Joint Military Operations Department.
Wu, X. (2013). The effects of transformational leadership on employees’ organizational commitment. Commercial Research, 435(7), 99–108 (in Chinese).
World Bank. (2013). Republic of the Philippines Basic Education Public Expenditure Review Phase II School Based Management in the Philippines: An Empirical Investigation. Washington D.C.
Zhang, Z., & Chen, W. (2011). A comparative study of the relationship between transactional leadership, transformational leadership and organizational climate. Economic Herald, 11, 85–86
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Jay Ar I Laranang
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
