The Role of AI in Content Creation: A Case Study of Mwananchi Communications Limited (MCL) and Tanzania Standard Newspapers
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54536/jmjmc.v2i1.6512Keywords:
AI Adoption, Content Creation, Digital Media, Journalism, Journalistic Practices, Media Technology, Mwananchi Communications, Tanzania Standard Newspapers, Tanzanian NewsroomsAbstract
This study examines the adoption of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Tanzanian newsrooms, focusing on Mwananchi Communications Limited (MCL) and Tanzania Standard Newspapers (TSN). Despite global interest in AI for journalism, limited research addresses its use in African contexts, where training and resources are often constrained. A qualitative case study approach was employed, using interviews and observations with journalists and digital media staff. Findings indicate that AI tools such as ChatGPT, Grammarly, Piktochart, Canva, Google Analytics, and Transkriptor support drafting, transcription, data visualization, and audience analysis, but adoption is uneven, with 50% engagement on the Online/Digital Desk compared to 20% on the Print Desk. Key challenges include limited formal training (95% of journalists untrained), inadequate infrastructure, and absence of editorial policies or ethical guidelines. The study highlights AI’s potential to improve efficiency and workflows while emphasizing the need for structured training, policy frameworks, and transparency to ensure responsible adoption, safeguard journalistic integrity, and enhance content quality in Tanzania.
References
Abinallah, A., & UNESCO Team. (2025). The state of artificial intelligence for media development in Tanzania (AI4MD) (UNESCO Report in collaboration with TECH and Media Convergence (TMC)). UNESCO.
Aronson, E. (2018). The social animal (12th ed.). Worth Publishers.
Bowen, G. A. (2009). Document analysis as a qualitative research method. Qualitative Research Journal, 9(2), 27–40. https://doi.org/10.3316/QRJ0902027
Broussard, M. (2018). Artificial unintelligence: How computers misunderstand the world. MIT Press.
Broussard, M., Diakopoulos, N., Guzman, A. L., Abebe, R., Dupagne, M., & Chalmers, C. (2019). Artificial intelligence and journalism. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 96(3), 673–695. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077699019859901
Chan-Olmsted, S. M. (2019). Competitive strategy for media firms: Strategic and brand management in changing media markets. Routledge.
Christensen, C. M. (1997). The innovator’s dilemma: When new technologies cause great firms to fail. Harvard Business Review Press.
Christians, C. G., & Traber, M. (1997). Communication ethics and universal values. SAGE Publications.
Coeckelbergh, M. (2022). AI ethics. MIT Press.
Couldry, N., & Mejias, U. A. (2019). The costs of connection: How data is colonizing human life and appropriating it for capitalism. Stanford University Press.
Cresswell, J. W. (2003). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (2nd ed.). SAGE Publications.
Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (4th ed.). SAGE Publications.
Creswell, J. W., & Poth, C. N. (2017). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches (4th ed.). SAGE Publications.
De-Lima-Santos, M.-F., & Ceron, W. (2021). Artificial intelligence in newsrooms: A survey of journalists’ perceptions and attitudes. Digital Journalism, 9(8), 1123–1145. https://doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2021.1945932
Denzin, N. K., & Lincoln, Y. S. (Eds.). (2011). The SAGE handbook of qualitative research (4th ed.). SAGE Publications.
Deuze, M. (2005). What is journalism? Journalism, 6(4), 442–464. https://doi.org/10.1177/1464884905056815
Diakopoulos, N. (2019). Automating the news: How algorithms are rewriting the media. Harvard University Press.
Dörr, K. N. (2016). Mapping the field of algorithmic journalism. Digital Journalism, 4(4), 397–413. https://doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2015.1096748
Flick, U. (2018). An introduction to qualitative research (6th ed.). SAGE Publications.
Freixa Font, P., Codina, L., & Pérez-Montoro, M. (2021). Human-AI collaboration in journalism: Towards a new paradigm of content creation. Journalism Practice, 15(9), 1285–1302. https://doi.org/10.1080/17512786.2020.1837792
Future Today Institute. (2018). Tech trends report. https://futuretodayinstitute.com
Gagliardone, I. (2019). The politics of technology in Africa. Cambridge University Press.
Gondwe, G. (2024). Artificial intelligence, journalism, and the Ubuntu Robot in Sub-Saharan Africa: Towards a normative framework. Digital Journalism. https://doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2024.2311258
Graefe, A. (2016). Guide to automated journalism. Tow Center for Digital Journalism.
Graefe, A., & Bohlken, N. (2020). Automated journalism: A meta-analysis of readers’ perceptions of human-written and machine-generated news. Media and Communication, 8(3), 85–96. https://doi.org/10.17645/mac.v8i3.3012
Harvard Kennedy School. (2020). Technology and Public Purpose Project Report. https://www.hks.harvard.edu
Harvard University. (2020). AI in journalism: A paradigm shift in news production. Harvard Journal of Media Innovation, 6(1), 123–139.
Hassaballah, M., & Awad, A. I. (Eds.). (2020). Deep learning techniques for biomedical and health informatics. Springer.
Instagram. (2023). Trend report 2023. https://about.instagram.com
Lewis, S. C., Guzman, A. L., & Schmidt, T. R. (2019). Automation, journalism, and human–machine communication: Rethinking roles and relationships in news production. Digital Journalism, 7(4), 409–427. https://doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2019.1577147
Lewis, S. C., Kaufhold, K., & D’Angelo, P. (2019). Data journalism and AI: Changing the newsroom landscape. Journalism Practice, 13(4), 448–463.
Locker, K. O., Kaczmarek, S. K., & Braun, D. (2019). Business communication: Building critical skills (7th ed.). McGraw-Hill Education.
Marr, B. (2010). The intelligent company. Wiley.
McCarthy, J. (1998). What is artificial intelligence? http://www-formal.stanford.edu/jmc/whatisai.html
McGrath, C., Palmgren, P. J., & Liljedahl, M. (2019). Twelve tips for conducting qualitative research interviews. Medical Teacher, 41(9), 1002–1006. https://doi.org/10.1080/0142159X.2018.1497149
McLuhan, M. (1964). Understanding media: The extensions of man. McGraw-Hill.
McLuhan, M. (1994). Understanding media: The extensions of man (Reprint ed.). MIT Press.
Mhlambi, S. (2020). From rationality to relationality: Ubuntu as an ethical guide for AI development. University of the Witwatersrand.
Moriuchi, E. (2019). Social media marketing: Strategies in utilizing consumer-generated content. Business Expert Press.
Mutsvairo, B., & Orgeret, K. S. (2024). Journalism and artificial intelligence in Africa: A systematic review of adoption and challenges. African Journalism Studies, 45(1), 23–41. https://doi.org/10.1080/23743670.2023.2291456
Napoli, P. M. (2019). Social media and the public interest: Media regulation in the disinformation age. Columbia University Press.
Newman, N. (2024). The rise of AI in journalism: How newsrooms are evolving in the digital age (Reuters Institute Digital News Report 2024). Reuters Institute.
Newman, N., Fletcher, R., Kalogeropoulos, A., & Nielsen, R. K. (2023). Reuters Institute Digital News Report 2023. Reuters Institute.
Paulussen, S. (2016). Innovation in the newsroom. In T. Witschge, C. W. Anderson, D. Domingo, & A. Hermida (Eds.), The SAGE handbook of digital journalism (pp. 192–206). SAGE Publications.
Rogers, E. M. (2003). Diffusion of innovations (5th ed.). Free Press.
Russell, S. J., & Norvig, P. (2021). Artificial intelligence: A modern approach (4th ed.). Pearson.
Schweidel, D. A. (2014). Social media intelligence. Cambridge University Press.
Shoemaker, P. J., & Vos, T. P. (2009). Gatekeeping theory. Routledge.
Simplilearn. (2023). AI in 2023: Trends and forecasts. https://simplilearn.com
Snyder, H. (2019). Literature review as a research methodology. Journal of Business Research, 104, 333–339. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.07.039
Springer-Norris, J. (2023). The ethics of AI in journalism. Oxford University Press.
Stake, R. E. (1995). The art of case study research. SAGE Publications.
Szeliski, R. (2011). Computer vision: Algorithms and applications. Springer.
The Chanzo. (2025, February 26). UNESCO launches AI4MD report, calls for training 300 Tanzanian journalists. The Chanzo. https://thechanzo.com
The Citizen. (2025, February 27). UNESCO report highlights AI’s growing role in Tanzanian media. The Citizen. https://www.thecitizen.co.tz
Thurman, N., Lewis, S. C., & Kunert, J. (2019). Algorithms, automation, and news: The future of journalism in an AI-driven world. Digital Journalism, 7(8), 980–999. https://doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2019.1649050
Westlund, O., & Lewis, S. C. (2014). Agents of media innovations: Actors, actants, and audiences. The Journal of Media Innovations, 1(2), 10–35. https://doi.org/10.5617/jmi.v1i2.876
Whittaker, M. (2019). Disability, bias, and AI. AI Now Institute.
Williams, R. (2007). The long revolution. Broadview Press.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Geofrey J. Mlwilo, Rejandran Britto, Camillus Nikata

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.