Influence of Different Intercropping Patterns and Crop Nutrient Sources on Yields of Soybean (Glycine Max)/Maize (Zea Mays) Intercrops in Karara (Lokoja Lga), Kogi State, Nigeria
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54536/ajaset.v7i2.131Keywords:
Aggressivity, Competitive Ratio, Land Equivalent Ratio, Relative Crowding Coefficient, Soybean-Maize IntercroppingAbstract
Field experiments were conducted during 2017 and 2018 rainy seasons at the Kogi State Agricultural Development farm at Karara (Lat. 8.230N, Long. 6.560E Alt. 343.00m) in Kogi State, Nigeria to investigates the influence of different cropping patterns and crop nutrient sources on yields of Soybean-Maize intercrops. Treatment consisted of two crops (Maize and Soybean), two fertilizer sources [Organic source (Poultry Manure) and Mineral Fertilizer (Urea)] and Intercropping patterns (2:2, 2:3, 2:4, 2:5), sole maize and soybean as control. All the treatments were given factorial combination and laid in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) and replicated three times. The experiment was carried out for two years, the averages obtained indicates the superiority of 2:2 intercropping system over all other systems as exemplified by higher Land Equivalent Ratio (LER) of 1.13, Aggressivity (A) of 0.458, and Competitive Ratio (CR) of 1.63. The 2:2 intercropping system however showed the lowest Relative Crowding Coefficient (RCC) of 0.088 which is an indication for high productivity. Application of mineral fertilizer in the form of Urea was found to be more effective than the use of Poultry manure in both years of the experiment soybean had higher Relative Crowding Coefficient (RCC), Competitive Ratio (CR), and Aggressivity (A) values than maize. Use of mineral fertilizer in the form of urea was more effective than poultry manure in both years. Soybean was more superior in competition than maize, and its productivity dominated the total biomass yields. It was therefore concluded that intercropping soybean with maize at a 2:2 ratio has the potential to improve not only the seed yield but other associated biological yields and high land use efficiently.
Downloads
References
Abdel Magid, H.M., Ghoneim, M.F., Rabie, R.K., & Sabrah, R.E. (1991). Productivity of wheat and alfalfa under intercropping. Exp Agric. 27, 391–395.
Amini, R., Shamayeli, M., & Dabbagh Mohammadi Nasab, A. (2013). Assessment of yield and yield components of corn (Zea mays L.) under two and three strip intercropping systems. Int J Biosci., 3, 65–69.
Arshad, M., & Ranamukhaarachchi, S.L. (2012). Effects of legume type, planting pattern and time of establishment on growth and yield of sweet sorghum-legume intercropping. Aus J Crop Sci., 6, 1265–1274.
Belel, M.D., Halim, R.A, Rafii, M.Y., Saud, H.M. (2014). Intercropping of corn with some selected legumes for improved forage production: A Review Agri Sci. 6, 48–62.
Bhatti, I.H., Ahmad. R., Jabbar, A., Nazir, M.S., Mahmood, T. (2006). Competitive behavior of component crops in different sesame-legume intercropping systems. Int J Agric Biol. 8, 165–167.
Connell, J.H. (1990). Apparent versus real competition in plants. In: Grace JB, Tilman D, editors. Perspectives on plant competition. London: Academic Press. 9–26.
De Wit, C.T. (1960). On competition. Verslagen Van Landbouwkundige Onderzoekingen. 66, 1–82.
Fetene M. (2003). Intra-and inter-specific competition between seedlings of Acacia etbaica and a perennial grass (Hyparrhenia hirta). J Arid Environ. 55, 441–451.
Gomez, K.A., Gomez, A.A. (1984). Statistical Procedure for Agricultural Research (John Wiley & Sons).
Grace, J.B. (1990). On the Relationship Between Plant Traits and Competitive Ability. In: Grace JB, Tilman D, editors. Perspective on Plant Competition. London: Academic Press, 51–65.
Haynes, R.J. (1980). Competitive aspects of the grass-legume association. Adv Agron. 33, 227–261.
Huňady, I., Hochman, M. (2014). Potential of legume-cereal intercropping for increasing yields and yield stability for self-sufficiency with animal fodder in organic farming. Czech J Genet Plant Breed. 50, 185–194.
Inal, A., Gunes, A., Zhang, F., Cakmak, I. (2007). Peanut/maize intercropping induced changes in rhizosphere and nutrient concentrations in shoots. Plant Physiol Biochem. 45, 350–356.
Karanja, S.M., Kibe, A.M., Karogo, P.N., Mwangi, M. (2014). Effects of intercrop population density and row orientation on growth and yields of sorghum-cowpea cropping systems in semi-arid Rongai, Kenya. J Agric. Sci. 6, 34–43.
Kazemeini, A., Sadeghi, H. (2012). Reaction of the green bean-safflower intercropping patterns to different nitrogen fertilizer levels. Iran Agric Res. 31, 13–22.
Li, H., Shen, J., Zhang, F., Marschner, P., Cawthray, G., Rengel, Z. (2010). Phosphorus uptake and rhizosphere properties of intercropped and mono-cropped maize, faba bean, and white lupine in acidic soil. Biol. Fertil. Soils. 46, 79–91.
Li, L., Sun, J., Zhang, F., Li, X., Yang, S., Rengel, Z. (2001). Wheat/maize or wheat/soybean strip intercropping: I. Yield advantage and interspecific interactions on nutrients. Field Crops Res. 71, 123–137.
Manna, M.C., Ghosh, P.K., Acharya, C.L. (2003). Sustainable crop production through management of soil organic carbon in semiarid and tropical India. J Sustain Agric. 21, 85 – 114.
Matusso, J.M.M., Mugwe, J.N., Mucheru-Muna, M. (2014). Effects of different maize (Zea mays L.) – soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merill) intercropping patterns on yields, light interception and leaf area index in Embu West and Tigania East sub counties, Kenya. Academic Res J Agric. Sci. and Res. 2, 6 – 21.
McGilchrist, C.A. (1965). Analysis of Competition Experiments. Biometrics. 21, 975 – 985.
Nasri, R., Kashani, A., Barary, M., Paknejad, F., Vazan, S. (2014). Nitrogen uptake and utilization efficiency and the productivity of wheat in double cropping system under different rates of nitrogen. Int. J. Biosci. 4, 184 – 193.
Piano, E., Annicchiarico, P. (1995). Interference effects in grass varieties grown as pure stand, complex mixture and binary mixture with white clover. J Agron. Crop Sci. 174, 301 – 308.
Sachan, S.S., Uttam, S.K. (1992). Intercropping of mustard with gram under different planting systems on eroded soils. Indian J. Agron. 37, 68 – 70.
Sadeghi, H., Sasanfar, I. (2012). Effect of different safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Intercropping patterns on growth and yield under weedy and weed-free conditions. Arch Agron Soil Sci. 56, 756 – 777.
Skelton, L.E., Barrett, G.W. (2005). A comparison of conventional and alternative agro ecosystems using alfalfa (Medicago sativa) and winter wheat (Triticum aestivum). Renew Agric Food Syst. 20, 38 – 47.
Strydhorst, S.M., King, J.R., Lopetinsky, K.J., Harker, K.N. (2008). Forage potential of intercropping barley with faba bean, lupin, or field pea. Agron J. 100, 182 – 190.
Uhart, S.A., Andrade, F.H. (1995). Nitrogen deficiency in maize: II. Carbon nitrogen interaction effects on kernel number and grain yield. Crop Sci., 35, 1384 – 1389.
Wahla, I.H., Ahmad, R., Ehsanullah, A., Ahmad, A., Jabbar, A. (2009). Competitive functions of components crop in some barley based intercropping systems. Int J. Agric Biol., 11, 69 – 72.
Willey, R.W., Rao, M.R. (1980). A competitive ratio for quantifying competition between intercrops. Exp Agric. 16, 117 – 125.
Zafaranieh, M. (2015). Effect of various combinations of safflower and chickpea intercropping on yield and yield components of safflower. Agric Sci Dev., 4, 31 – 34.
Zhang, G., Yang, Z., Dong, S. (2011). Interspecific competitiveness affects the total biomass yield in an alfalfa and corn intercropping system. Field Crops Res. 124, 66 – 73.
Zhang, L., Van Der Werf, W., Zhang, S., Li, B., Spiertz, J.H.J. (2007). Growth, yield and quality of wheat and cotton in relay strip intercropping systems. Field Crops Res. 103, 178 – 188.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Musa U. T, Yusuf M
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
