The Roles of NGOs in Skill Development of The Street Food Vendors for Hygienic Food Preparation and Serving in Bangladesh
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54536/jir.v2i2.2793Keywords:
Bangladesh, Environment, Food Safety, NGOAbstract
This paper tried to explore the roles of non-government organizations in developing the skills of street food microentrepreneurs in health and safe food preparation and servicing in the western part of Bangladesh. The study utilized a qualitative approach, using a purposive sampling method to select respondents for in-depth interviews, key informant interviews, and focus group discussions. The street food vendors and stakeholders were selected from the project team, and the research tools included in-depth interviews with 20 vendors, interviews with 8 key stakeholders, and two focus group discussions with customers and entrepreneurs. The researcher discovered that NGO plays a critical role in skill development for street food vendors in Bangladesh. Prior to the project, vendors were unfamiliar with safety, hygiene, cleanliness, and sustainable promotion. The project improved their skills in safety and security, market promotion, hygiene maintenance, cleanliness, and sustainable development by implementing various activities like training, meetings, workshops, food festivals and fairs, market linkage, stakeholder involvement, online and offline market promotion, and so on. The project also increased restaurant customers and market creation. However, the study found that food safety NGO workers and street food programs have collaborated to raise awareness about food safety, health, hygiene, and environmental issues. These initiatives have improved health and lifestyles, improved food quality, increased client numbers, and increased business profits. The stakeholders gathering in Bogura and Rajshahi focused on promoting product certification, with some microenterprises pursuing it. Microenterprises received work-based training on food safety and hygiene, leading to advancements in food packaging, safe raw materials, cleanliness, and hygiene practices. Product certification training increased stakeholders’ understanding of the importance of certification, and some MEs are now following it. The NGO organized a fair to highlight reputable food businesses and raise awareness of environmental sustainability, hygiene, and food safety. The entrepreneurs know how to prepare healthy dishes, increasing sales and revenue. This awareness have been raised due to the NGO’s interventions implemented for street food vendors in the study area.
References
Abid, M. T., Banna, M. H. A., Hamiduzzaman, M., Seidu, A., Kundu, S., Rezyona, H., Disu, T. R., Akter, N., Khaleduzzaman, M., Ahinkorah, B. O., & Khan, M. S. I. (2022). Assessment of food safety knowledge, attitudes and practices of street food vendors in Chattogram city, Bangladesh: A cross‐sectional study. Public Health Challenges, 1(3). https://doi.org/10.1002/puh2.16
Ackah, M., Gyamfi, E.T., Anim, A. K., Osei, J., Hansen, J. K., & Agyemang, O.O. (2011). Socio-Economic Profile , Knowledge of Hygiene and Food Safety Practices among Street-Food Vendors in some parts of Accra-Ghana.
Adzhani, A. A., Purwanta, M., & Rahmatullah, I. (2018). Salmonella sp. Detection in Elementary School Street Foods in Surabaya. Biomolecular and Health Science Journal, 1(2), 89. https://doi.org/10.20473/bhsj.v1i2.9578
AlHazmi, H., Al-Raddadi, R., Alzhrani, W., Alzahrani, K., Turkistani, A., Qumri, F., & AlHazmi, K. (2021). Food Safety Knowledge and Hygiene Practices among Food Vendors of Street Food Trucks. Pharmacophore, 12(2), 83–92. https://doi.org/10.51847/dp2kdjwpqd
Alim, S. R., Smritee, L. J., Konok, A. H. B., Sadeque, A., Saurab, S. A., Sarker, S., & Sarwar, S. (2022). Prevalence of antibiotic resistant gram negative bacteria in the street vended Foods of Bangladesh: An Overview. Journal of Advances in Microbiology, 8–15. https://doi.org/10.9734/jamb/2022/v22i330442
Bereda, T. W., Emerie, Y. M., Reta, M. A., & Asfaw, H. S. (2016). Microbiological safety of street vended foods in Jigjiga City, eastern Ethiopia. Ethiopian Journal of Health Sciences, 26(2), 161. https://doi.org/10.4314/ejhs.v26i2.10
Bhowmik, S. (2012). Street vendors in the global urban economy. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203150542
Biswas, S., Parvez, M., Shafiquzzaman, M., Nahar, S., & Rahman, M. (1970). Isolation and characterization of escherichia coli in ready-to-eat foods vended in Islamic University, Kushtia. Journal of Bio-science, 18, 99–103. https://doi.org/10.3329/jbs.v18i0.8783
Cross, J., & Morales, A. (2007). Street Entrepreneurs : People, Place, & Politics in local and global perspective. http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ncid/BA82124042
El-Latief, M. A., & Abouelenein, R. (2020). The Effect of Street Foods Vendors Practices on the Spread of Pollutants under the Covid-19 Pandemic in Aswan Governorate in Egypt. International Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Management, 3(2), 371–405. https://doi.org/10.21608/ijthm.2020.134278
El-Latief, M. A., & Abouelenein, R. (2020b). The Effect of Street Foods Vendors Practices on the Spread of Pollutants under the Covid-19 Pandemic in Aswan Governorate in Egypt. International Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Management, 3(2), 371–405. https://doi.org/10.21608/ijthm.2020.134278
Haleegoah, J. a. S., Akuoko, K. O., Dwumah, P., Marfo, K. A., Forkuor, J. B., Frimpong, B. N., & Brobbey, L. (2020). Actors perceptions on challenges and opportunities to improve street vended local foods in urban Ghana. Advances in Applied Sociology, 10(11), 435–453. https://doi.org/10.4236/aasoci.2020.1011025
Hanan, F. A., Sadri, N. B., & Yusup, N. Q. B. (2021). Customers’ perception on Malaysian street food quality. International Journal of Academic Research in Business & Social Sciences, 11(13). https://doi.org/10.6007/ijarbss/v11-i13/8503
Hassan, M. M., Begum, S., Faruq, A. A., Alam, M., Mahmud, T., & Islam, A. (2019). Multidrug Resistant Salmonella Isolated from Street Foods in Chittagong, Bangladesh. Microbiology Research Journal International, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.9734/mrji/2018/v26i630083
Henderson, J. C. (2010). Cooked Food Hawking and its Management: the Case of Singapore. Tourism Review International, 14(4), 201–213. https://doi.org/10.3727/154427211x13092645880025
Hill, J., Mchiza, Z., Puoane, T., & Steyn, N. P. (2019). The development of an evidence-based street food vending model within a socioecological framework: A guide for African countries. PloS One, 14(10), e0223535.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0223535
Hossen, M. T., Ferdaus, M. J., Hasan, M. M., Lina, N. N., Das, A. K., Barman, S. K., Paul, D. K., & Roy, R. K. (2021). Food safety knowledge, attitudes and practices of street food vendors in Jashore region, Bangladesh. Food Science and Technology, 41(suppl 1), 226–239. https://doi.org/10.1590/fst.13320
Hrbek, V., Vaclavik, L., Elich, O., & Hajslova, J. (2014). Authentication of milk and milk-based foods by direct analysis in real time ionization–high resolution mass spectrometry (DART–HRMS) technique: A critical assessment. Food Control, 36(1), 138–145. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2013.08.003
Htway, T. a. S., & Kallawicha, K. (2020). FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH FOOD SAFETY KNOWLEDGE AND PRACTICE AMONG STREET FOOD VENDORS IN TAUNGGYI TOWNSHIP, MYANMAR: a CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY. Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine, 20(3), 180–188. https://doi.org/10.37268/mjphm/vol.20/no.3/art.822
Huynh-Van, B., Vuong-Thao, V., Huynh-Thi-Thanh, T., Dang-Xuan, S., Huynh-Van, T., Tran-To, L., Nguyen-Thi-Thao, N., Huynh-Bach, C., & Nguyen-Viet, H. (2022). Factors associated with food safety compliance among street food vendors in Can Tho city, Vietnam: implications for intervention activity design and implementation. BMC Public Health, 22(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-022-12497-2
Idowu, O., & Rowland, S. (2006). Oral fecal parasites and personal hygiene of food handlers in Abeokuta, Nigeria. PubMed, 6(3), 160–164. https://doi.org/10.5555/afhs.2006.6.3.160
Islam, N., Arefin, M. S., Nigar, T., Haque, S. N., Haq, K. I., Emran, M. T. A., & Nazrul, T. (2017). Street food eating habits in Bangladesh: A study on Dhaka city. International Journal of Management and Development Studies, 6(9), 49–57. https://doi.org/10.53983/ijmds.v6i9.317
Johura, F., Tasnim, J., Barman, I., Biswas, S. R., Jubyda, F. T., Sultana, M., George, C. M., Camilli, A., Seed, K. D., Ahmed, N., & Alam, M. (2020). Colistin-resistant Escherichia coli carrying mcr-1 in food, water, hand rinse, and healthy human gut in Bangladesh. Gut Pathogens, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13099-020-0345-2
Jores, D., Arif, M. T., & Rahman, M. M. (2018). Factors Associated with Food Hygiene Practices Among Street Food Vendors in Padawan, Sarawak. Borneo Journal of Resource Science and Technology, 8(1), 56–65. https://doi.org/10.33736/bjrst.824.2018
Jores, D., Arif, M. T., & Rahman, M. M. (2018b). Factors Associated with Food Hygiene Practices Among Street Food Vendors in Padawan, Sarawak. Borneo Journal of Resource Science and Technology, 8(1), 56–65. https://doi.org/10.33736/bjrst.824.2018
Kagaruki, G. B., Mahande, M. J., Kreppel, K. S., Mbata, D., Kilale, A. M., Shayo, E. H., Mfinanga, S. G., & Bonfoh, B. (2022). Barriers to the implementation, uptake and scaling up of the healthy plate model among regular street food consumers: a qualitative inquiry in Dar-es-Salaam city, Tanzania. BMC Nutrition, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40795-022-00589-6
Karunapema, R. (2021). Educational intervention aimed at street food vendors to improve knowledge and practices on food safety and hygiene. International Journal of Current Science Research and Review, 04(11). https://doi.org/10.47191/ijcsrr/v4-i11-09
Khairuzzaman, M., Chowdhury, F. M., Zaman, S., Mamun, A. A., & Bari, M. L. (2014). Food Safety Challenges towards Safe, Healthy, and Nutritious Street Foods in Bangladesh. International Journal of Food Science, 2014, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/483519
Kosek, M., Bern, C., & Guerrant, R. L. (2003). The global burden of diarrhoeal disease, as estimated from studies published between 1992 and 2000. PubMed, 81(3), 197–204. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12764516
Ma, L., Chen, H., Yan, H., Wu, L., & Zhang, W. (2019). Food safety knowledge, attitudes, and behavior of street food vendors and consumers in Handan, a third tier city in China. BMC Public Health, 19(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-019-7475-9
Mahopo, T. C., Nesamvuni, C. N., Nesamvuni, A. E., De Bryun, M., Van Niekerk, J., & Ambikapathi, R. (2022). Operational characteristics of women street food vendors in rural South Africa. Frontiers in Public Health, 10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.849059
Mamun, M. A., Rahman, S. M. M., & Turin, T. C. (2013). Microbiological quality of selected street food items vended by school-based street food vendors in Dhaka, Bangladesh. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 166(3), 413–418. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2013.08.007
Martı-nez-Tomé, M., Vera, A. M., & Murcia, M. (2000). Improving the control of food production in catering establishments with particular reference to the safety of salads. Food Control, 11(6), 437–445. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0956-7135(00)00006-2
Meem, F. C., Raihan, T., Shourove, J. H., Azad, A. K., & Islam, G. R. (2022). Short communication: Antibiotic resistance in Gram-negative bacteria isolated from street-vended foods in Bangladesh. bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory). https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.06.28.497961
Mensah, P., Yeboah-Manu, D., Owusu-Darko, K., & Ablordey, A. (2002). Street foods in Accra, Ghana: how safe are they? PubMed, 80(7), 546–554. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12163918
Monney, I., Agyei, D., & Owusu, W. (2013). Hygienic Practices among Food Vendors in Educational Institutions in Ghana: The Case of Konongo. Foods, 2(3), 282–294. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods2030282
Muzaffar, A. T., Huq, I., & Mallik, B. A. (2009). Entrepreneurs of the Streets: an Analytical Work on the Street Food Vendors of Dhaka City. International Journal of Business and Management, 4(2). https://doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v4n2p80
Nilakusmawati, D. P. E., Susilawati, M., & Wall, G. (2019). A Welfare Model of Street Vendors: Cases from Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia. International Journal of Human Resource Studies, 9(3), 1. https://doi.org/10.5296/ijhrs.v9i3.14973
Nunes, B. N., Cruz, A. G., Faria, J. A., Ana, A. S. S., Silva, R., & Moura, M. R. (2010). A survey on the sanitary condition of commercial foods of plant origin sold in Brazil. Food Control, 21(1), 50–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2009.03.016
Nurudeen, A. A., Lawal, A. O., & Ajayi, S. A. (2014). A survey of hygiene and sanitary practices of street food vendors in the Central State of Northern Nigeria. Journal of Public Health and Epidemiology, 6(5), 174–181. https://doi.org/10.5897/jphe2013.0607
Okojie, P. W., & Isah, E. C. (2014). Sanitary conditions of food vending sites and food handling practices of street food vendors in Benin City, Nigeria: implication for food hygiene and safety. Journal of Environmental and Public Health, 2014, 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/701316
Rane, S. (2011). Street vended food in Developing World: hazard analyses. Indian Journal of Microbiology/Indian Journal of Microbiology (Print), 51(1), 100–106. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12088-011-0154-x
Rashid, R., Karim, A. B., Islam, F., Mahmud, S., & Anwar, S. S. (2022). Hepatitis A: leading cause of paediatric acute liver failure in Bangladesh. Dhaka Shishu, Children, Hospital Journal, 37(2), 93–97. https://doi.org/10.3329/dshj.v37i2.63160
Ruel, M. T., Haddad, L., & Garrett, J. L. (1999b). Some Urban Facts of Life: Implications for research and policy. World Development, 27(11), 1917–1938. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0305-750x(99)00095-9
Sabbithi, A., Reddi, S. L., Kumar, R. N., Bhaskar, V., Rao, G. S., & Rao, S., V. (2017). Identifying critical risk practices among street food handlers. British Food Journal, 119(2), 390–400. https://doi.org/10.1108/bfj-04-2016-0174
Sanin, K. I., Haque, A., Nahar, B., Mahfuz, M., Khanam, M., & Ahmed, T. (2022). Food Safety Practices and Stunting among School-Age Children—An Observational Study Finding from an Urban Slum of Bangladesh. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health/International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(13), 8044. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19138044
Shah, Md. Hakimuzzaman, Pranta Roy, Md. Shohrab Hossain Pavel, Israfil (2021). Street Food Safety Challenges: A Study on Dhaka City. International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering, Technology and Science, 03(01), 1017-1022. Available at-https://www.irjmets.com/uploadedfiles/paper/volume3/issue_1_january_2021/5826/1628083238.pdf
Steyn, N. P., Mchiza, Z., Hill, J., Davids, Y. D., Venter, I., Hinrichsen, E., Opperman, M., Rumbelow, J., & Jacobs, P. (2013). Nutritional contribution of street foods to the diet of people in developing countries: a systematic review. Public Health Nutrition, 17(6), 1363–1374. https://doi.org/10.1017/s1368980013001158
Tabashsum, Z., Zajeba, M., Khalil, I., Nazimuddin, M., Mollah, A., Inatsu, Y., & Bari, L. (2013). Prevalence of foodborne pathogens and spoilage microorganisms and their drug resistant status in different street foods of Dhaka city. Agricultural and Food Analysis Bacteriology, 3, 281-292.
Tinker, I. (1997). Street foods: Urban food and employment in developing countries. Retrieved from http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ncid/BA31114926
Valodia, I. (2001). Economic policy and women’s informal work in South Africa. Development and Change, 32(5), 871–892. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-7660.00230
Von Holy, A., & Makhoane, F. (2006). Improving street food vending in South Africa: Achievements and lessons learned. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 111(2), 89–92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2006.06.012
Walsh, J. (2014). Business strategies used by Micro-SMEs in a Bangkok street market. Journal of Enterprising Communities, 8(2), 147–158. https://doi.org/10.1108/jec-02-2013-0001
Wickrematilake, M. S. K., Arnold, S. M., Karthikeyan, P., & Jayathilake, A. D. N. (2022). Improving knowledge of street food vendors through an educational intervention in Kandy district, Sri Lanka. International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences, 10(2), 331. https://doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20220276
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Md. Abu Shahen
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
