Photocatalytic Degradation of Toluene (Component of Crude Oil) Contaminated Water Using Titanium Dioxide Based Catalyst: A Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54536/jir.v1i1.1532Keywords:
Toluene, Physical Method, Photocatalytic Degradation, Kenaf Fiber, Petroleum HydrocarbonsAbstract
Petroleum industry is one of the fastest growing industry in the world, and it contributes significantly to the profitable development in unindustrialized countries. The wastewater from a petroleum industry consist a wide variety of pollutants like petroleum hydrocarbons, mercaptans, oil and grease, benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene, phenol, ammonia, sulphide and other organic compounds etc. All these compounds are present as very complex form in discharged water of petroleum industry, which are harmful to the environment and human health directly or indirectly. Pollution of soil-water interface due to the release of hydrocarbons in environment is a major public health concern, and therefore, remediation of these pollutants is needed to reduce risk to human and environment. Various methods such as physical, chemical, biological, and Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) methods are used to degrade these pollutants from wastewater. The conventional remediation methods can only change the phase of contaminants without destroying them, thereby leading to another pollution problem. This review paper highlights some current treatment methods of toluene contaminated water, and to introduce a proposed method that sought to develop an oleophilic and hydrophobic composite catalyst (ESA-TiO2-FeS2-Kenaf), that would harvest the toluene content, and simultaneously degrade the harvested toluene content using solar light as the energy source.
References
Ali, A., Ahmadpour, A., Bamoharram, F. F., Tanhaei, B., Manttari, M., and Sillanpaa, M. (2014). A review on catalytic applications of Au/TiO2 nanoparticles in the removal of water pollutant, Chemosphere 107. 163–174.
Aljuboury, D. A. D. A., Palaniandy, P., Abdul Aziz, H. B., & Feroz, S. A. D. A. (2017). Treatment of petroleum wastewater by conventional and new technologies-A review. Glob. Nest J, 19(3), 439-452.
Anne, M. H. (2019). https://www.thoughtco.com/chemical-composition-of-petroleum-607575.
Attiogbe, F. K., Glover-Amengor, M., and Nyadziehe, K. T. (2007). Correlating biochemical and chemical oxygen demand of effluents, a case study of selected industries in Kumasi, Ghana, W. Afr. J. Appl. Ecol., 11, 110-118.
Benetoli, L. O. B., Cadorin, B. M., Baldissarelli, V. Z., Geremias, R., Souza, I. G., and Debacher, N. A. (2012). J. Hazard. Mater. 237, 55-62.
Bonvicini, S., Antonioni, G., Morra, P., and Cozzani, V. (2015). Quantitative assessment of environmental risk due to accidental spills from onshore pipelines. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 93, 31-49.
Caselli, M., De-Gennaro, G., Marzocca, A., Trizio, L., and Tutino, M. (2010). Assessment of the impact of the vehicular traffic on BTEX concentration in ring roads in urban areas of Bari (Italy). Chemosphere, 86, 306–311.
Da-Rocha, O. R. S., Dantas, R. F., Duarte, M. M. M. B., Duarte, M. M. L., and Da-Silva, V. L. (2010). Oil sludge treatment by photocatalysis applying black and white light. Chemical Engineering Journal, 157(1), 80-85.
Division of Toxicology and Human Health Sciences (2015). Public Health Statement Toluene. www.atsdr.cdc.gov.
EIA Energy Kids: Oil “petroleum” (2017). www.eia.gov. Retrived on July 7, 2017.
Frederic, L. and Michael B. (2010). A short primer on benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes (BTEX) in the environment and in hydraulic fracturing fluids.
Gaya, U. I. and Abdul, H. A. (2008). Heterogeneous photocatalytic degradation of organic contaminants over titanium dioxide: a review of fundamentals, progress and problems. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology C: Photochemistry Reviews no., 9(1),1-12.
Javad, S. and Fatemeh, S. (2012). International Journal of Photoenergy. 10, 1-5.
Jou, C. G. and Huang, G. (2003). A pilot study for oil refinery wastewater treatment using a fixed film bioreactor. Adv. Environ. Res., 7, 463-469.
Jyoti, J., Alka, D., and Kumar, S. J. (2013). Application of membrane bio-reactor in waste-water treatment: a review. Inter. J. Chemist. Chem. Eng., 3, 115-122.
Kabra, K., Chaudhary, R., and Sawhney, R. L. (2004). Treatment of hazardous organic and inorganic compounds through aqueousphase photocatalysis: a review. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research, 43(24), 7683–7696.
Kulkarni, S. J. and Goswami, A. K. (2014). Applications and advancements in treatment of waste water by membrane technology: A review. Inter. J. Eng. Sci. Res. Tech., 3, 446-450.
Liu, J., Jiang, X., Zhou, L., Han, X., and Cui, Z. (2009). Pyrolysis treatment of oil sludge and model free kinetics analysis. J. Hazard. Mater. 161,1208– 1215.
Malamis, S., Katsou, E., Di-Fabio, S., Frison, N., Cecchi, F., and Fatone, F. (2015), Treatment of petrochemical wastewater by employing membrane bioreactors: a case study of effluents discharged to a sensitive water recipient. Des. Water Treat., 53(12), 3397-3406.
Mater, L., Sperb, R. M., Madureira, L. A. S., Rosin, A. P., Correa, A. X. R., and Radetski, C. M. (2006). Proposal of a sequential treatment methodology for the safe reuse of oil sludge-contaminated soil. Journal of hazardous materials, 136(3), 967-971.
Miller, K. L., Lee, C. W., Falconer, J. L., and Medlin, J. W. (2010). Effect of water on formic acid photocatalytic decomposition on TiO2 and Pt/TiO2, Journal of Catalysis. 275, 294-299.
Minero, C., Mariella, G., Maurino, V., Vione, D., and Pelizzetti, E. (2000). Photocatalytic transformation of organic compounds in the presence of inorganic ions. 2. Competitive reactions of phenol and alcohols on a titanium dioxide-fluoride system,. Langmuir, 16(23), 8964–8972.
Mrayyan, B. and Battikhi, M. N. (2005). Biodegradation of total organic carbon (TOC) in glycol/glycerol mixture and its photoelectrochemical performance’. Materials Research, 20(4), 962–972.
Nakata, K. and Fujishima, A. (2012). TiO2 photocatalysis: design and applications. J Photochem Photobiol C, 13(3), 169–189.
Razavi, S. M. R. and Miri, T. (2015). A real petroleum refinery wastewater treatment using hollow fiber membrane bioreactor (HF-MBR), J. Water Process Eng., 8, 136-141.
Reddy, C. M. (2002). The west falmouth oil spill after thirty years: the persistence of petroleum hydrocarbons in marsh sediments. Environ. Sci. Technol. 36, 4754e4760.
Regonini, D. and Clemens, F. J. (2015). ‘Anodized TiO2 nanotubes: Effect of anodizing time on film length, morphology and photoelectrochemical properties’, Materials Letters, 142, 97–101.
Renault, F., Sancey, B., Badot, P. M., and Crini, G. (2009). Chitosan for coagulation/flocculation processes, an eco-friendly approach. Eur. Polym. J., 45, 1337-1348.
Salaices, M., Serrano, B., and De-Lasa, H. I. (2004). Photocatalytic conversion of phenolic compounds in slurry reactors.. Chemical Engineering Science no. 59(1), 3-15.
Scheepers, P. T. J., Konings, J., Demirel, G., Gaga, E. O., Anzion, R., Peer, P. G. M., Dogeroglu, T., Ornektekin, S., and Doorn, W. (2010). Determination of exposure to benzene, toluene and xylenes in Turkish primary school children by analysis of breath and by environmental passive sampling. Sci. Total Environ.408, 4863–4870.
Seul-Yi, L. and Soo-Jin, P. (2013). TiO2 photocatalyst for water treatment applications, Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 19, 2013, 1761–1769.
Singh, P., Borthakur, A., Singh, R., Pal, D. B., Tiwary, D., and Mishra, P. K. (2015). Reduced graphene -TiO2 nanocomposites as photocatalyst for degradation of BTEX compound in petrochemical waste water. Proceedings of the International Conference on Solid Wastes 2015: Knowledge Transfer for Sustainable Resource Management, Hong Kong SAR, P.R. China, 754-757.
Mitra, S., & Roy, P. (2011). BTEX: A serious ground-water contaminant. Research Journal of Environmental Sciences, 5(5), 394. www.academicjournals.com.
Wake, H. (2005). Oil refineries: a review of their ecological impacts on the aquatic environment. Estuar. Coast Shelf Sci. 62, 131–140.
Wu, N. L. and Lee, M. S. (2004). Enhanced TiO2 photocatalysis by Cu in hydrogen production from aqueous MeOH solution. Int J Hydrogen Energ. 29, 1601-1605.
Yao, S. W. and Kuo, h. p. (2015). Photocatalytic degradation of toluene on SiO2/TiO2 photocatalyst in a fluidized bed reactor. Procedia Engineering 102. 1254 – 1260.
Yujie, Z., Yujing, M., Junfeng, L., and Abdelwahid, M. (2012). Levels, sources and health risks of carbonyls and BTEX in the ambient air of Beijing. China. J. Environ. Sci. 24, 124–130.
Zhao, X., Wang, Y., Ye, Z., Borthwick A. G. L., and Ni, J. (2006). Oil field wastewater treatment in Biological Aerated Filter by immobilized microorganisms. Process Biochem., 41, 1475–1483.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Ozogu A. Nanadeinboemi, Opeoluwa O. Fasanya, Olusegun A. Ajayi, Adegboyega S. Olawale, Michael S. Olakunle
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
