Factors Influencing Learner Enrollment in the Alternative Learning System in the Philippines: A Structured Literature Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54536/ijsscs.v2i2.7964Keywords:
Adult Education, Alternative Learning System, Learner Enrollment, Out-Of-School Youth, PhilippinesAbstract
The Alternative Learning System (ALS) provides educational opportunities for out-of-school youth and adults in the Philippines. Although previous studies have examined ALS implementation, learner experiences, and educational outcomes, evidence regarding factors influencing enrollment remains dispersed. A structured literature review was conducted using studies published between 2017 and 2026 retrieved from Google Scholar and PubMed. Relevant studies were analyzed using thematic synthesis. The review identified four factors influencing enrollment: educational access and flexible learning pathways, personal transformation and educational aspirations, social and institutional support systems, and economic advancement and future opportunities. However, the literature provides stronger evidence on learner motivations and expectations than on long-term outcomes. The findings support Social Cognitive Theory by highlighting the influence of personal, environmental, and outcome-related factors on enrollment decisions, while Human Capital Theory explains the perceived value of ALS as an investment in future opportunities. Overall, learner enrollment reflects the interplay of individual and contextual influences. Future research should employ comparative and longitudinal approaches to strengthen the evidence base on ALS enrollment.
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