Effect of Maleic Hydrazide and Ethrel on Performance of Cucumber (Cucumis sativus var Kamini)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54536/ijpf.v2i1.5651Keywords:
Cucumber, Ethrel, Maleic Hydrazide, YieldAbstract
Cucumber is one of the widely cultivated crops of the Cucurbitaceae family, with a higher male: female ratio as a major problem. Exogenous application of plant growth regulators (PGR) has been widely used in cucurbit production because of its significant impact on yield attributing parameters. Therefore, an experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design using maleic hydrazide (MH) (50, 100, 150 ppm) and Ethrel (100, 200, and 300 ppm) with control replicated thrice. Results revealed that 100 ppm of MH was most effective (P<0.05) which enhanced higher number of female flowers (10.2) statistically at par with 50 ppm MH (9.2), low male: fe-male ratio (0.27) statistically similar with 200 ppm Ethrel (0.55), a greater number of fruits per plants (10.13) statistically similar with 50 ppm MH (8.26) and maximum fruit yield (18.44 t h-1) which was statistically similar with 50 ppm MH (15.36). Similarly, 50 ppm MH showed early female flower appearance (25 DAT) statistically at par with MH100 (26 DAT), while 300 ppm Ethrel took a longer time for the appearance of flowers (28 DAT). In contrast, 100 ppm Ethrel showed the lowest (P<0.05) number of female flowers (4.6), control showed highest (P<0.05) male: female ratio (7.36), 300 ppm Ethrel showed lowest number (P<0.05) of fruits per plant (2.4) and lowest (P<0.05) yield (3.29). Length and diameter of fruits were not significantly affected using any PGR. Hence, 100 ppm MH proved best for improvement of yield attributing parameters in cucumber.
References
Abdel-Rahnam, M., & Thompson, B. D. (1970). Effects of some growth regulating chemicals on earliness and total yield of cantaloupe and watermelon. Proceedings of the Florida State Horticultural Society, 82, 125–128.
Ajay, S., Kadi, A. S., Asati, K. P., Barche, S., & Tulasigeri, R. G. (2018). Effect of different plant growth regulators on growth, yield and quality parameters in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) under polyhouse condition. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 7(4), 3339–3352.
Al-Masoum, A. A., & Al-Masri, H. (1999). Effect of ethephon on flowering and yield of monoecious cucumber. Egyptian Journal of Horticulture.
Arora, S. K., Pandita, M. L., & Sidhu, A. S. (1982). Effect of maleic hydrazide on vegetative growth, flowering and fruiting of bottle gourd. Scientia Horticulturae, 17(3), 211–215.
Arora, S. K., Pandita, M. L., Partap, P. S., & Batra, B. R. (1994). Response of long melon (Cucumis melo var. utilissimus) to foliar application of plant-growth substances. Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences.
Asghar, H., Wazir, F. K., & Suleman, A. (1990). Influence of growth promoting hormones on the growth, sex expression and production of Cucumis sativus. Sarhad Journal of Agriculture, 6(6), 563–569.
Aykroyd, W. R., Gopalan, C., & Balasubramanian, S. C. (1963). The nutritive value of Indian foods and the planning of satisfactory diets (No. 23). Indian Council of Medical Research.
Bajaj, S., Kumar, D., Singh, N., Gangwar, V., Wamiq, M., Pal, O., & Dishri, M. (2022). Effect of different plant growth regulators on fruit yield and quality parameters of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) cv. Punjab Naveen. International Journal of Environment and Climate Change, 12(11), 2310–2315.
Bastakoti, B., & Poudel, A. (2022). Impacts of sowing time on wheat in Nepal: A detailed review. Tropical Agrobiodiversity, 3(1), 6–7. https://doi.org/10.26480/trab.01.2022.06.07
Brian, P. W., & Hemming, H. G. (1957). The effect of maleic hydrazide on the growth response of plants to gibberellic acid. Annals of Applied Biology, 45(3), 489–497.
Căpriţă, A., & Căpriţă, R. (2005). Plant growth retardants for the treatment of vegetables used as raw materials for the food industry. Agroalimentary Processes and Technologies, 11, 173–178.
Chaurasiya, J., Verma, R. B., Ahmad, M., Adarsh, A., Kumar, R., & Pratap, T. (2016). Influence of plant growth regulators on growth, sex expression, yield and quality of muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.). Ecology Environment & Conservation, 22, S39–S43.
Currier, H. B., Day, B. E., & Crafts, A. S. (1951). Some effects of maleic hydrazide on plants. Botanical Gazette, 112(3), 272–280.
Dahal, K., & Dahal, K. C. (2022). Response of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L. cv. Bhaktapur local) to the application of plant growth regulators in plastic tunnel. Journal of Agriculture and Forestry University, 81–88.
Dalai, S., Singh, M. K., & Soni, S. (2020). Yield and yield traits of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) as influenced by foliar application of plant growth regulators. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 9(3), 121–126.
Dalai, S., Singh, M. K., Singh, K. V., Kumar, M., Malik, S., & Kumar, V. (2015). Effect of foliar application of GA3 and NAA on growth, flowering yield and yield attributes of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). Annals of Horticulture, 8(2), 181–194.
Derridj, S., Fiala, V., & Jolivet, E. (1986). Increase of European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis) oviposition induced by a treatment of maize plants with maleic hydrazide: Role of leaf carbohydrate content. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 41(3), 305–310.
Desai, K. D., Saravaiya, S. N., Patel, B. N., & Patel, N. B. (2011). Response of growth retardants on sex expression and fruit yield of bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria (Mol.) Standi.) cv. Pusa Naveen under South Gujarat conditions. Asian Journal of Horticulture, 6(1), 22–25.
Garg, P., Dev, R., Raj, S., Patel, V. J. K., & Singh, V. K. (2020). Influence of plant growth regulators (PGRs) on growth parameters and sex ratio in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 9(3), 1658–1661.
Gosai, S., Adhikari, S., Khanal, S., & Poudel, P. B. (2020). Effects of plant growth regulators on growth, flowering, fruiting and fruit yield of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.): A review. Archives of Agriculture and Environmental Science, 5, 268–274.
Greulach, V. A., & Atchison, E. (1953). Inhibition of mitosis in bean buds by maleic hydrazide. Botanical Gazette, 114(4), 478–479.
Hayashi, T., Heins, R. D., Cameron, A. C., & Carlson, W. H. (2001). Ethephon influences flowering, height, and branching of several herbaceous perennials. Scientia Horticulturae, 91(3–4), 305–324.
Hidayatullah, A. B., & Khokhar, K. M. (2009). Sex expression and level of phytohormones in monoecious cucumber as affected by plant growth regulators. Sarhad Journal of Agriculture, 25, 173–177.
Hoffman, I., & Parups, E. V. (1964). Mode of action of maleic hydrazide in relation to residues in crops and soils. Residue Reviews, 96–113.
Hossain, D., Karim, M. A., Pramanik, M. H. R., & Rahman, A. S. (2006). Effect of gibberellic acid (GA3) on flowering and fruit development of bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.). International Journal of Botany.
Ito, H., Hashimoto, K., & Saito, T. (1954). Factors responsible for the sex expression of Japanese cucumber. Journal of the Japanese Society, 25, 141–151.
Kadi, S. A., Asati, K. P., Barche, S., & Tulasigeri, R. G. (2018). Effect of different plant growth regulators on growth, yield and quality parameters in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) under polyhouse condition. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 7(4), 3339–3352.
Kaur, A., Khurana, D., & Dhall, R. (2016). Sex modification in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) under the influence of ethephon and maleic hydrazide. International Journal of Advanced Research, 4(11), 2199–2205.
Kaur, P., Mal, D., Sheokand, A., Singh, L., & Datta, D. (2018). Role of plant growth regulators in vegetable production: A review. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 7(6), 2177–2183.
Kumar, J. R. (n.d.). Influence of ethephon on vegetative character, flowering behaviour and sex expression of cucumber in Pokhara Lekhnath, Kaski.
Latimer, J. G. (1991). Growth retardants affect landscape performance of zinnia, impatiens, and marigold. HortScience, 26(5), 557–560.
Lower, R. L., & Edward, M. D. (1986). Cucumber breeding. In M. J. Bassett (Ed.), Breeding vegetable crops.
Loy, J. B. (1971). Effect of 2-chloroethyl phosphonic acid and succunic acid-2,2.
Pandey, P., Jha, R., & Shrestha, A. (2019). Influence of ethephon on vegetative character, flowering behaviour and sex expression of cucumber in Pokhara Lekhnath, Kaski, 2, 1–13.
Mansuroglu, S., Karaguzel, O., Ortacesme, V., & Sayan, M. S. (2009). Effect of paclobutrazol on flowering, leaf and flower colour of Consolida orientalis. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 41(5), 2323–2332.
Mariod, A. A., Saeed Mirghani, M. E., & Hussein, I. (2017). Cucumis sativus. In Cucumber unconventional oilseeds and oil sources.
Miller, C. H., Lower, R. L., & McMurray, A. L. (1969). Some effects of ethrel (2-chloroethanephosphonic acid) on vegetable crops. HortScience, 4(3), 248–249.
Mishra, G. M., & Sharma, U. N. (1965). Effect of plant growth regulators on growth, sex expression and yield of bottle gourd. Journal of Agricultural College, 15, 31–38.
Mollier, M. (2010). Influence of plant growth regulators on growth, physiology, and yield in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) (Doctoral dissertation, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad).
Moniruzzaman, M., Khatoon, R., & Qamruzzaman, A. K. M. (2019). Influence of plant growth regulators on vegetative growth, sex expression and yield of summer bottle gourd. Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Research, 44(4), 577–590.
Mukherjee, P. K., Nema, N. K., Maity, N., & Sarkar, B. K. (2013). Phytochemical and therapeutic potential of cucumber. Fitoterapia, 84, 227–236.
Murthy, T. C. S., & Nagegowda, V. (2007). Influence of growth regulators on growth, flowering and fruit yield of gherkin (Cucumis anguria L.). Asian Journal of Horticulture, 2(1), 44–46.
Pandya, M. B., & Dixit, C. K. (1997). Effect of plant growth regulators and chemicals on the growth, sex behaviour and yield of bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria (Mol.) Stand l.) cv. Pusa Summer Prolific Long. Journal of Applied Horticulture, 3(1–2), 105–111.
Patnaik, A., Mishra, R. S., Nayak, G. C., & Maharana, T. (1974). Effect of cycocel and ethrel on sex expression and yield of ridge gourd. Bangladesh Horticulture, 2(2), 19–22.
Prajapati, S., Jamkar, T., Singh, O. P., Raypuriya, N., Mandloi, R., & Jain, P. K. (2015). Plant growth regulators in vegetable production: An overview. Plant Archives, 15(2), 619–626.
Rafeekher, M., Nair, S. A., Sorte, P. N., Hatwal, G. P., & Chandhan, P. M. (2002). Effect of growth regulators on growth and yield of summer cucumber. Journal of Soils and Crops, 12(1), 108–110.
Rajala, A., & Peltonen-Sainio, P. (2001). Plant growth regulator effects on spring cereal root and shoot growth. Agronomy Journal, 93(4), 936–943.
Ries, S. K. (1985). Regulation of plant growth with application of growth retardants. Plant Science, 2, 239–285.
Robinson, R. W., Shannon, S., & de la Guardia, M. D. (1969). Regulation of sex expression in the cucumber. BioScience, 19(2), 141–142.
Sarkar, M. D., Kabir, K., Jahan, M. S., & Arefin, S. M. A. (2014). Performance of summer tomato in response to maleic hydrazide. International Journal of Scientific Research Publications, 4, 556–558.
Sarkar, M. D., Moniruzzaman, M., Alam, M. S., Rahman, M. J., Quamruzzaman, R. N. R., & Subramaniam, S. R. E. E. R. A. M. A. N. A. N. (2019). Growth, sex expression and nutrient composition of cucumber (Cucumis sativus) as influenced by maleic hydrazide. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 51(1), 117–123.
Sebastian, P. M., Schaefer, H., Telford, I. R. H., & Renner, S. S. (2010). Cucumber and melon have their wild progenitors in India, and the sister species of Cucumis melo is from Australia. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 107, 14269–14273.
Shrestha, S., Ojha, G., Sharma, G., Mainali, R., & Galvin, L. (2024). Automated grassweed detection in wheat cropping system: Current techniques and future scope. Journal of Precision Agriculture, 1(1), 19–37. https://doi.org/10.14302/issn.2998-1506.jpa-24-5058
Singh, O. S., & Madan, S. K. (1971). Induction of terminal flower in indeterminate watermelon (Citrullus vulgaris) by ethrel. Science Culture, 27, 522–523.
Singh, R. K., & Choudhury, B. (1988). Differential response of chemicals on sex modification of three genera of cucurbits. Indian Journal of Horticulture, 45(1–2), 89–99.
Sultan, S. M., Mohamed, F. M., Gamal, H. A., & Mohamed, S. S. E. (2016). Growth and yield of cucumber plants derived from seeds pretreated with salicylic acid. Journal of Biological Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, 11(1).
Tantasawat, P. A., Sorntip, A., & Pornbungkerd, P. (2015). Effects of exogenous application of plant growth regulators on growth, yield, and in vitro gynogenesis in cucumber. HortScience, 50(3), 374–382.
Thappa, M., Kumar, S., & Rafiq, R. (2011). Influence of plant growth regulators on morphological, floral and yield traits of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). Agriculture and Natural Resources, 45(2), 177–188.
Verma, V. K., & Choudhury, B. (1980). Chemical sex modification in cucumber through growth regulators and chemicals and their effect on yield.
Yamasaki, S., Fujii, N., & Takahashi, H. (2000). The ethylene-regulated expression of CS-ETR2 and CS-ERS genes in cucumber plants and their possible involvement with sex expression in flowers. Plant and Cell Physiology, 41(5), 608–616. https://doi.org/10.1093/pcp/41.5.608
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Arati Poudel; Shankar Subedi, Amit Khanal
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
