Empowerment Initiatives in Self-Help Groups and Women’s Economic Empowerment in Kitui County
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54536/ajywe.v5i2.6942Keywords:
Empowerment Initiatives, Kitui County, Self-Help Groups, Women’s Economic EmpowermentAbstract
In spite of several government and development agency interventions meant to improve their standard of living, women in Kitui County still face economic disempowerment. Women’s involvement in economic activities has been impeded by high rates of poverty, restricted access to financial resources, and constrictive cultural norms. Prior research has examined women’s empowerment in general, but it hasn’t sufficiently examined how empowerment initiatives influence women’s economic empowerment through empowerment programmes within self-help groups (SHGs). This study aimed to ascertain how empowerment initiatives in Self-Help Groups (SHGs) impact women’s economic empowerment. Descriptive survey research design was used. Questionnaires were used to gather quantitative data from 402 SHG members. The data was analysed using multiple linear regression, descriptive statistics, and Pearson correlation. The results showed that women’s economic empowerment and empowerment initiatives had a strong positive and statistically significant relationship (r =.87, p <.05), with empowerment initiatives accounting for 76.2% of the variation in empowerment. Women’s ability to make decisions, manage their finances, and engage in productive activities were all improved by empowerment initiatives. The study concludes that empowerment initiatives in SHGs are important in advancing women’s economic empowerment. Based on the results, the study recommends that policy changes should be made to increase women’s access to resources, ongoing training, and reasonably priced credit. Policymakers, development organisations, and SHG leaders should enhance women’s economic inclusion in order to lower poverty levels in Kitui county.
Downloads
References
Abbakary, M., & Kilamlya, M. (2024). Microfinance services and women economic empowerment in Tanzania: A case of women food vendors in Shinyanga Municipal. Journal of Business and Development Studies, 12(1), 45–58.
Alva, S., & Dsa, S. (2023). Role of self-help groups in women economic empowerment and social development: A systematic literature review. International Journal of Social Sciences and Management, 10(3), 112–125.
Banerjee, A., Karlan, D., & Zinman, J. (2019). Six randomized evaluations of microcredit: Introduction and further steps. American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, 11(1), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1257/app.20171743
Creswell, J. W. (2013). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches (3rd ed.). SAGE Publications.
Hamed, T. (2022). Research design in social sciences: A practical guide. Springer Nature.
Hunt, A., & Samman, E. (2016). Women’s economic empowerment: Navigating enablers and constraints. Overseas Development Institute. https://giwps.georgetown.edu/resource/womens-economic-empowerment-navigating-enablers-and-constraints/
International Monetary Fund. (2022). Gender and macroeconomics: Promoting inclusive growth. IMF Publications. https://www.imf.org
Kabeer, N. (1999). Resources, agency, achievements: Reflections on the measurement of women’s empowerment. Development and Change, 30(3), 435–464. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-7660.00125
Kenya National Bureau of Statistics. (2022). Economic survey 2022. https://www.knbs.or.ke
Kenya National Bureau of Statistics. (2024). County poverty profiles report 2024. https://www.knbs.or.ke
Kitui County Government. (2019). County Integrated Development Plan (CIDP) 2018–2022. https://kitui.go.ke
Kothari, C. R. (2008). Research methodology: Methods and techniques (2nd ed.). New Age International Publishers.
Maina, W. N. (2020). Contribution of self-help groups to social and economic empowerment of women in Tigania West Sub-County, Meru County, Kenya [Master’s thesis, University of Nairobi]. University of Nairobi Digital Repository. http://erepository.uonbi.ac.ke/handle/11295/106745
Minja, J., Njeri, A., & Wanjohi, P. (2023). Table banking and women’s economic empowerment in Nakuru County, Kenya. East African Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 6(2), 78–91.
Mohile, N., & Manglani, J. (2024). Empowerment of women through self-help groups in India: A comprehensive review of literature. Asian Journal of Development Studies, 15(1), 33–47.
Muchena, J., & Awuor, L. (2019). Multisectoral rapid assessment on gender-based violence in Kitui County, Kenya. Centre for Rights Education and Awareness. https://home.creaw.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/Rapid-Multisectoral-GBV-Assessment-Report-Kitui.pdf
Mukei, S. D. (2018). Influence of economic empowerment projects on rural women in Mwingi North, Kitui County, Kenya [Master’s thesis, University of Nairobi]. University of Nairobi Digital Repository. http://erepository.uonbi.ac.ke/handle/11295/106745
Odeny, P. (2021). Challenges of women’s access to resources and property ownership in Kenya. Journal of Gender Studies in Africa, 3(2), 88–97.
Okoji, O. O., & Oyewale, A. O. (2019). Impact of self-help group empowerment programmes on women’s development in Ilorin Metropolis, Kwara State, Nigeria. African Journal of Gender and Development Studies, 8(2), 101–114.
Onyango, J., Soy, M., & Mohammed, Z. (2024). Economic factors determining poverty levels among women in Uasin Gishu County, Kenya. Africa Journal of Technical & Vocational Education & Training, 9(1), 140–147. https://doi.org/10.69641/afritvet.2024.91188
Özdemir, A., & Erol, H. (2023). A general overview on women’s poverty in the world. Business, Economics & Management Research Journal, 6(3), 270–284. https://doi.org/10.58308/bemarej.1340440
Priya, S., Sharma, R., & Kumar, V. (2021). Theoretical perspectives on women’s empowerment: A critical review of Kabeer’s framework in developing economies. Journal of International Women’s Studies, 22(5), 201–215.
Raharjanti, M. T., Nugroho, S. W., & Putri, D. K. (2022). Evaluating instrument reliability using Cronbach’s alpha in social science research. Social Science Review Journal, 5(4), 112–120.
Sahana, B., Kumar, A., & Ramesh, M. (2022). Microfinance, internal lending and women’s decision-making power: A case study of rural self-help groups in India. Journal of Rural and Community Development, 17(4), 88–104.
Shrine, S. (2024). The power of self-help groups: Building communities and empowering individuals. Agriculture & Food E-Newsletter, 6(6), 175–177.
United States Agency for International Development. (2020). Gender equality and female empowerment in Kenya. https://www.usaid.gov/kenya/document/gender-equality-female-empowerment
Vundi, N. (2019). Empowering rural women for sustainable development in Kenya: Opportunities and challenges (Case of Migwani Sub-county, Kitui County) [Master’s thesis, St. Paul’s University]. St. Paul’s University Repository. https://journals.aiu.ac.ke/index.php/impact/article/view/45
Yount, K. M. (2017). A framework for measuring women’s empowerment at multiple levels. CGIAR Research Program on Agriculture for Nutrition and Health. https://a4nh.cgiar.org/2017/05/01/a-framework-for-measuring-womens-empowerment-at-multiple-levels/
Yount, K. M., Cheong, Y. F., Maxwell, L., & Sinha, R. (2019). Measurement of women’s agency and empowerment in social capital frameworks: A cross-cultural analysis. World Development, 114, 252–266. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2018.10.008
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Catherine Kisasa Muthonde, Daniel Mwendwa Kitonga, Mary Getui

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.