Impact of Electric Public Transportation on Environmental Pollution in Urban Cities
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54536/ajupsc.v2i2.8171Keywords:
Electric Public Transportation, Environmental Pollution, Government Support, Management Efficiency Sustainable Urban Mobility, TrafficAbstract
Urbanization and increasing reliance on fossil fueled public transportation has been one of the most significant causes of environmental pollution in the urban cities of Bangladesh, there is an urgent need to seek sustainable alternatives. This study aimed to study the influence of electric public transportation on environmental pollution by analyzing the effect of e-public transport service quality, adoption of electric public transport system, and government-support and traffic management efficacy on reduction in environmental pollution and sustainable urban mobility in city urban-related information in Bangladesh. This study used a quantitative cross-sectional research design and primary data were collected from 410 respondents through structured questionnaire as a five-point Likert scale. The sample size was calculated based on Cochran’s formula, and data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26. The implications of the results were that users tended to perceive electric public transportation quality, adoption level, government support and traffic management efficiency at high levels whereas environmental pollution reduction and sustainable urban mobility were perceived at very high levels. The results also indicated that better electric public mobility quality, increasing the development of public acceptance and more facilitative role from government assistance in conjunction with managerial traffic flow would effectively mitigate environmental pollution, consequently leading to urban mobility endurance. The authors suggested that proper implementation of relevant policies, combined with infrastructure development and integrated traffic management could help improve urban environment by providing a sustainable public transportation system based on electric mobility in Bangladesh.
References
Abdul Qadir, S., Ahmad, F., Mohsin A B Al-Wahedi, A., Iqbal, A., & Ali, A. (2024). Navigating the complex realities of electric vehicle adoption: A comprehensive study of government strategies, policies, and incentives. Energy Strategy Reviews, 53, 101379. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esr.2024.101379
Aidam, G. S. K., Opoku, R., Adjei, E. A., Davis, F., Oppong, D. K., Adu-Poku, A., Agyare, W. G., Narh, A., & Aidam, S. G. (2025). Electrified transportation for sustainable mobility in developing countries – a review of challenges and opportunities. Journal of the Ghana Institution of Engineering (JGhIE), 25(1), 34–44. https://doi.org/10.56049/jghie.v25i1.329
Akashdeep, A., & Kumar Bansal, S. (2025). Electric Mobility: Transitioning to Sustainable Transportation for Environmental Conservation. International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology, 2485–2490. https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/25aug1644
Amin, S. B., & Rahman, S. (2019). Urbanisation and Energy Linkages in Bangladesh. In S. B. Amin & S. Rahman (Eds.), Energy Resources in Bangladesh: Trends and Contemporary Issues (pp. 85–88). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-02919-7_17
Anthony Jnr., B. (2023). Developing green urban mobility policies for sustainable public transportation in local communities: A Norwegian perspective. Journal of Place Management and Development, 17(1), 136–155. https://doi.org/10.1108/JPMD-05-2023-0051
Budjav, B. (2022). Evaluation off environmental pollution and waste management strategies on the ecosystem.Journal of Enterprise and Business Intelligence, 223–234. https://doi.org/10.53759/5181/JEBI202202022
Chavan, Dr. V. G. (2024). Study of Urbanization and its positive and negative impact. International Journal of Advance and Applied Research, 5(27), 81–82. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13860323
Cochran, W. G. (1942). Sampling Theory When the Sampling-Units are of Unequal Sizes. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 199–212. (world).
Fonseca, S., Bravo, S., Leonor, V., Masías, E., Ángeles, A., & Salazar, C. (2022). Traffic congestion and environmental pollution in east lima and its consequences on the quality of life. congestion and environmental pollution in east lima and its consequences on the quality of life.NeuroQuantology, 4179–4203.https://doi.org/10.14704/nq.2022.20.5.NQ22706
Gupta, S., & Kumar, R. (2023). Urban Areas and Air Pollution: Causes, Concerns, and Mitigation. In F. Mushtaq, M. Farooq, A. B. Mukherjee, & M. Ghosh Nee Lala (Eds.), Geospatial Analytics for Environmental Pollution Modeling: Analysis, Control and Management (pp. 163–185). Springer Nature Switzerland. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-45300-7_7
Halimuzzaman, M. (2025). AI-driven optimization of hybrid renewable energy systems: A review of techniques, challenges, and future direction. Pacific Journal of Advanced Engineering Innovations, 2(1), 22–32. https://doi.org/10.70818/pjaei.v02i01.093
Hao, Y., Liu, Y., Zheng, S., & Fan, L. (2023). Contributing factors to urban transport carbon dioxide emissions and reduction measures. In Water Conservancy and Civil Construction Volume 2. CRC Press.
Hassan, S. A., Haq, I., Khattak, E. A., Nassani, A. A., Zaman, K., & Haffar, M. (2024). Transitioning from gridlock to sustainability: Advancing transport strategies for eco-friendly solutions in high-income countries. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 31(47), 58152–58175. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-024-34997-x
Islam, M., Goldar, S., Al Imran, S. M., Halimuzzaman, & Hasan, S. (2025). AI-Driven green marketing strategies for eco-friendly tourism businesses. International Journal of Tourism and Hotel Management, 7, 56–60. https://doi.org/10.22271/27069583.2025.v7.i1a.125
Jena, M. C., Mishra, S. K., & Moharana, H. S. (2023). Challenges and Way Forward to Maintain Air Quality Standard in Urban Areas. The Global Environmental Engineers, 10, 33–43. https://doi.org/10.15377/2410-3624.2023.10.4
Kakkar, M., Joshi, S., Solanki, R. K., Rajawat, A. S., Goyal, S. B., & Wasnik, M. (2025). Advancing sustainable transportation: the critical role of electric vehicles and supporting infrastructure Journal of Computers, Mechanical and Management, 4(4), 19–28. https://doi.org/10.57159/jcmm.4.4.25204
Kondratenko, I. A., Korablev, R., & Maklakova, E. (2025). The impact of traffic congestion on urban ecology and the environment and ways to miligate it 96–101. https://doi.org/10.58168/SAS2025_96-101
Kovačić, M., Mutavdžija, M., & Buntak, K. (2022). New Paradigm of Sustainable Urban Mobility: Electric and Autonomous Vehicles—A Review and Bibliometric Analysis. Sustainability, 14(15), 9525. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14159525
Kurani, D. M. S. (2025). Urbanization process and emerging environmental issues in india International Journal of Advance and Applied Research, S6(6), 143–149. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15063489
Lättman, K., & Otsuka, N. (2024). Sustainable development of urban mobility through active travel and public transport. sustainability,t. Sustainability, 16(2), 534. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16020534
Leal Filho, W., Abubakar, I. R., Kotter, R., Grindsted, T. S., Balogun, A.-L., Salvia, A. L., Aina, Y. A., & Wolf, F. (2021). Framing electric mobility for urban sustainability in a circular economy context: an overview of the literature Sustainability, 13(14), 7786. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13147786
Li, T. T., Zhao, A. P., Wang, Y., Li, S., Fei, J., Wang, Z., & Xiang, Y. (2025). Integrating solar-powered electric vehicles into sustainable energy systems. Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering, 2(7), 467–479. https://doi.org/10.1038/s44287-025-00181-7
Liu, T., Liu, J., Li, Y., & Li, Y. (2024). Balancing the water-carbon trade-off: development of a bi-level source-grid-load synergistic optimization model for multi-regional electric power system Electronics, 13(3), 516. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13030516
Mavlutova, I., Atstaja, D., Grasis, J., Kuzmina, J., Uvarova, I., & Roga, D. (2023). Urban concept and sustainable urban mobility in smart cities:A Review. Energies, 16(8), 3585. https://doi.org/10.3390/en16083585
Noman, A. A., & Siam, H. H. (2025, August 11). The economic, social & Environmental impact of Electric Vehicle (EV) adaptation on Bangladeshi Society. arXiv.Org. https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.08398v1
Noori, A. J. (2022). Demographic details, as well as questionnaire responses [Dataset]. Zenodo. https://zenodo.org/records/6968395
Pontius, J., & McIntosh, A. (2024). Urban air quality. In J. Pontius & A. McIntosh (Eds.), Environmental problem solving in an age of climate change: Volume one: Basic tools and techniques (pp. 105–118). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-48762-0_9
Prasetyanto, P. K., Sugiharti, R. R., & Panjawa, J. L. (2023). Urbanization-growth-environment: how are they related? an evidence from the global asia-pacific regionInternational Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 13(2), 100–106. https://doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.13842
qizi, A. A. R. (2024). urbanization and its environmental consequences. international conference on interdisciplinary science, 1, 49–54. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11097541Rahaman, M. A., Kalam, A., & Al-Mamun, M. (2023). Unplanned urbanization and health risks of Dhaka City in Bangladesh: Uncovering the associations between urban environment and public health. Frontiers in Public Health, 11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2023.1269362
Rajeshwar, S. (2024). Government Schemes For Electrical Vehicles. Journal of Emerging Trends in Electrical Engineering, 6(2), 33–39. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12780752
Roy, H. S., Islam, M., Roshid, M., & Halimuzzaman. (2026). Power system reliability analysis in high renewable energy penetration. International Journal of Research in Advanced Electronics Engineering, 7, 83–94. https://doi.org/10.22271/27084558.2026.v7.i1a.82
Saha, P., Dey, K. N., Hossan, F., Goldar, S. C., Pritha, I. J., & Halimuzzaman, M. (2025). Integration of Artificial Intelligence in Bank Customer Relationship Management in Bangladesh. Business and Social Sciences, 3(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.25163/business.3110338
Seredynski, M. (2023). Pathways to reducing the negative impact of urban transport on climate change. IET Smart Cities, 5(1), 41–48. https://doi.org/10.1049/smc2.12043
Shamsuddoha, M., & Nasir, T. (2025). The road ahead for electric vehicles (evs) in developing countries: market growth, Infrastructure, and Policy Needs (No. 2025012083). Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202501.2083.v1
Suen, I.-S. (2025). The impact of public transportation on the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions in the united states. Journal of Urban and Regional Analysis, 17(2). https://doi.org/10.37043/JURA.2025.17.2.4
TTepecik, A., & Tepecik, A. (2025). The role of transportation in environmental sustainability and climate change mitigation. IGI Global Scientific Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3693-6695-0.ch001
Wassem, M., Colella, P., Pons, E., & Costa, M. (2024). Reducing greenhouse gas emissions of the transport sector in urban areas: assessing possible actions through specific performance indicators. 2024 IEEE International Conference on Environment and Electrical Engineering and 2024 IEEE Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Europe (EEEIC / I&CPS Europe), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1109/EEEIC/ICPSEurope61470.2024.10751178
Yeung, G., & Liu, Y. (2023). Local government policies and public transport decarbonization through the production and adoption of fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs) in China. Journal of Cleaner Production, 422, 138552. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.138552
Yi, Y., Sun, Z. Y., Fu, B.-A., Tong, W.-Y., & Huang, R.-S. (2025). Accelerating towards sustainability: policy and technology dynamic assessments in china’s road transport sector. Sustainability, 17(8), 3668. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17083668
Zhang, L. (2025). Characteristics of environmental change and sustainable development ways in the urbanization process. Theoretical and Natural Science, 118, 79–84. https://doi.org/10.54254/2753-8818/2025.24078
Zhang, X., Yin, S., Lu, X., Liu, Y., Wang, T., Zhang, B., Li, Z., Wang, W., Kong, M., & Chen, K. (2025). Establish of air pollutants and greenhouse gases emission inventory and co-benefits of their reduction of transportation sector in central china. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 150, 604–621. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jes.2023.12.025
Zhao, L. (2023). The economic and environmental impacts of urbanization in china. highlights in business. Highlights in Business, Economics and Management, 5, 142–146. https://doi.org/10.54097/hbem.v5i.5041
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Sheikh Jahid Hasan Prince, Shaila Akther, Ahmed Nafees Hassan, Md. Halimuzzaman
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
