Geospatial Assessment of Oil Spill’s Impact in Obio/Akpor Local Government Area Rivers State, Nigeria
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54536/ajgt.v3i1.2906Keywords:
Normalized Difference Vegetative Index (NDVI), Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI), Land Surface Temperature (LST), Normalized Difference Built-Up Index (NDBI), Oil Spill Index, Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP)Abstract
Environmental degradation resulting from oil spills has emerged as a critical issue requiring immediate attention. This study uses geospatial techniques to investigate the impact of oil spills in Obio/Akpor Local Government Area of Rivers State. Landsat images, administrative map of the study area and historical oil spill data were data used in carrying out this study. The images were pre-processed through atmospheric and geometric corrections. Spatial analysis of four remote sensing indices-Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) for assessing vegetation health, Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) for detecting water bodies, Land Surface Temperature (LST) for measuring surface temperature, and Normalized Difference Built-Up Index (NDBI) for identifying built-up areas-was conducted using the raster calculator in ArcGIS. The study employed the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) to assign weights to these indices based their relative significance regarding oil spill impact. Subsequently, reclassification and integration of this information were done to generate Oil Spill Index (OSI) maps for 2003, 2013, and 2023. Validation of the Oil Spill Index (OSI) of various points before and after an oil spill incident was performed, specifically contrasting 2003 with 2013 and 2023 OSI values. This was to affirm the accuracy and predictive capability of the OSI maps in identifying oil spill-prone areas. Findings revealed OSI values for 2003 and 2013, indicating a range of 1.04 to 3.48 for 2003, with a noticeable increase observed in 2013, expanding the range to 3.08 to 4.72. Similarly, a comparison of OSI values between 2003 and 2023 indicates OSI values, ranging from 1.64 to 3.92 in 2003, then in 2023 after the oil spill incidents, there were notable changes in the OSI values, with the range shifting to 3.2 to 4.84. This suggests a significant increase in the impact of oil spill on the affected areas over the two-decade. This comprehensive index map serves as a tool for monitoring and assessing the effects of oil spills on the study area, thereby achieving the research objectives effectively.
References
Adati, A. K. (2012). Oil exploration and spillage in the Niger Delta of Nigeria. Civil and Environmental Research, 2, 38.
Agunobi, K. N., Obienusi, E. A., & Onuoha, D. C. (2014). An investigation of the pattern and environmental impact of oil spillage in Etche Local Government Area of Rivers State, Nigeria. Journal of Natural Sciences Research, 4(16), 124-137.
Ayo, V. O., Obafemi, A.; and Ogoro, M (2017) Mapping Land Cover Determinants of Malaria in Obio-Akpor Local Government Area of Rivers StateNigeria. Journal of humanities and social Science, 22(6), vr 1 (June, 2017) pp 1-6 e – ISSN: 2279-0837, p – ISSN: 2279-0845.
Balogun, A.-L., Yekeen, S. T., Pradhan, B., & Althuwaynee, O. F. (2020). Spatio-temporal analysis of oil spill impact and recovery pattern of coastal vegetation and wetland using multispectral satellite Landsat 8-OLI imagery and machine learning models. Remote Sensing, 12(7), 1225. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12071225
Bassy, O. (2004). Nigeria: Oil spill: Community cries out. This Day. All Africa.
Dutsenwai, H. S., Ahmad, B. B., Tanko, A. I., & Mijinyawa, A. (2017). Spatio-temporal analysis of vegetation and oil spill intensity in Ogoniland. International Journal of Advanced and Applied Sciences, 4, 81-90. https://doi.org/10.21833/ijaas.2017.04.013
Ejiba, I. V., Onya, S. C., & Adams, O. K. (2016). Impact of oil pollution on livelihood: Evidence from the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. Journal of Scientific Research and Reports, 12(5), 1–12.
Eludoyin, O. S., Wokocha, C. C., & Ayolagha, G. A. (2011). GIS assessment of land use and land cover changes in Obio/Akpor L.G.A., Rivers State, Nigeria.
Grema, M., Allamin, I., Bukar, U., Yusuf, F. A., & Ismail, H. (2023). Petroleum hydrocarbon contamination: Its effects and treatment approaches - A mini review. Arid Zone Journal of Basic and Applied Research, 1, 81-93.
Ivanov, A. Y., & Zatyagalova, V. V. (2014). A GIS approach to mapping oil spills in the marine environment. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/241531967
Menegbo, E.M. (2022). Monitoring Land Cover Change and Population Growth: A Study Case of Obio/Akpor Local Government Area, Nigeria. (2022) International Journal of Physical Research,10(1) 63-67
Mohamadi, B., Liu, F. & Xie, Z. (2016). Oil Spill Influence on Vegetation in Nigeria and Its Determinants. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 25. 10.15244/Pjoes/63666.
Naku, D. (2020). Oil spill pollutes Rivers community, Govt. warns residents. Punch Newspaper.
Okwakpam, I., & Augustine C. O. (2019). Spatial Developments and Variations in Wetland Loss in Obio/Akpor Local Government Area, Rivers State: 1987-2017. 05. 97-112.
Park, Y. S., Al-Qublan, H., Lee, E., & Egilmez, G. (2016). Interactive spatiotemporal analysis of oil spills using Comap in North Dakota. Informatics, 3(4), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.3390/informatics3020004
Rajendran, S., & Fahad, A. S., Sadooni, F., Al-Kuwari, H. A.-S., Al-Khayat, J., & Govil, H., et al. (2021). Oil spill index (OSI) to Sentinel-2 satellite data: QU in international contribution. Qatar University Research Forum, 2021(1), 20-20. https://doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2021.0020
Saaty, T. L. (1980). The analytic hierarchy process. McGraw-Hill.
Saaty, T. L. (1988). What is the analytic hierarchy process? In Mathematical models for decision support (pp. 109–121). Springer.
Sephton, A. S., & Hazen, R. M. (2013). The origin of deep hydrocarbons. Reviews in Mineralogy & Geochemistry, 75, 449-465.
Udoma, M. (2019). SPDC moves to recover spilled crude in Rivers State. Sweet Crude Reports.
Whanda, S., Adekola, O., Adamu, B., Yahaya, S., & Pandey, P. (2016). Geo-spatial analysis of oil spill distribution and susceptibility in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. Journal of Geographic Information System, 8, 438-456. https://doi.org/10.4236/jgis.2016.84037
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Victor Ayodele Ijaware, Kanu Ifeyinwa Florence Mary
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
