Fuelwood Supply Consumption and Dynamic on Forest Resource in Kakuma Refugee Camp, Turkana County Kenya
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54536/ajee.v3i1.2042Keywords:
Fuelwood, Supply, Refugee, Camp, Dynamic, HouseholdAbstract
Forestry is a source of livelihood for many farmers and rural households in developing countries, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. However, the utilization of fuelwood in Africa contributes greatly to desert encroachment and consequently has implications with regard to climate change. Its, little to understand about the drivers and dynamics of fuelwood consumption in Kenya and other African countries. This study is to analyze determinants of refugee camp forest resource utilization efficiency Kakuma refugee camp Turkana county. It accomplishes two broad objectives:( 1) To analyse utilization of fuelwood from indigenous tree species supplied to the camp, the profitability of firewood supplied to the local market and a growing body of evidence on the influence of utilization of fuelwood in the camp in the refugee camp, as the host community get cash from the refugees and food ration in exchange with the resource (Fuelwood) in a household’s level. It embraced a mixed methods approach embedded with an explanatory research design for concurrent triangulation. The study interviewed a total of 296 respondents through HH questionnaires, the KII Tool and FGD Guide. Qualitative data was analyzed using thematic framework approach while quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential (correlations) statistics on SPSS. Results suggest that even with minimal investment in both productive and non-productive assets (M=2.40) and SD=0.99) from cash purchase of fuelwood from agencies, there is significant negative effect (r=0.139) and P=0.05) between asset accumulation and poverty reduction among targeted household. study reveals that the provision of alternative sources of energy has the potential to reduce overdependence on wood fuel by the refugees in Kakuma Kenya. Therefore, the government ought to support other cheaper energy alternatives like alternatives gadgets and energy-saving cooking technologies, while the local administrators should integrate the refugee needs in the development plans for equal distribution of resources at large
Downloads
References
Aukot, E. (2002). It is better to be a refugee than a Turkana in Kakuma: revisiting the relationship between hosts and refugees in Kenya. Refuge, 21, 73. Forest Products Journal, 70(1), 4-9.
Bartl, D. (2019). Exponential utility maximization under model uncertainty for unbounded endowments. The Annals of Applied Probability, 29(1), 577-612.
Betts, A., Omata, N. and Sterck, O. (2020). Self-reliance and social networks: explaining refugees’ reluctance to relocate from Kakuma to Kalobeyei. Journal of Refugee Studies, 33(1), 62-85.
Bhagat, A. (2020). Experimental financial inclusion as refugee management: shelter insecurities at the bottom of the pyramid in Kenya. International Journal of Housing Policy, 1-21.
Cakmakyapan, S. and Goktas, A. (2013). A comparison of binary logit and probit models with a simulation study. Journal of Social and Economic statistics, 2(1), 1-17.
Ceccherini, G., Duveiller, G., Grassi, G., Lemoine, G., Avitabile, V., Pilli, R. and Cescatti, A. (2020). Abrupt increase in harvested forest area over Europe after 2015. Nature, 583(7814), 72-77.
Cox, D. R. (2018). Analysis of binary data. Routledge.
Cramer, J. S. (1999). Predictive performance of the binary logit model in unbalanced samples. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series D (The Statistician), 48(1), 85-94.
Davis, E. J., Hajjar, R., Charnley, S., Moseley, C., Wendel, K. and Jacobson, M. (2020). Community-based forestry on federal lands in the western United States: A synthesis and call for renewed research. Forest Policy and Economics, 111(102042).
Dutta, H. (2022). The Environmental Aspects of Refugee Crises: Insights from South Asia, Middle East, and Sub-Saharan Africa. Journal of International Migration and Integration, 1-26.
Eakins, J., Sirr, G. and Power, B. (2023). Informally sourced solid fuel use: Examining its extent and characteristics of the users in the residential sector in Ireland. Energy Policy, 172(113293.
Ellen, S. (2012). Slovin’s Formula Sampling Techniques. Fort Worth: Dryden Press.
Fairhurst, C., Parkinson, G., Hewitt, C., Maturana, C., Wiley, L., Rose, F., Torgerson, D., Hugill-Jones, J., Booth, A. and Bissell, L. (2022). Enclosing a pen in a postal questionnaire follow-up to increase response rate: a study within a trial. NIHR Open Research, 2(53), 53.
Grebner, D. L., Bettinger, P., Siry, J. P. and Boston, K. (2021). Introduction to forestry and natural resources. Academic press.
Harrell, F. E. (2015). Binary logistic regression, Regression modeling strategies. Springer. 219-274.
Hutton, J., Patenaude, G., Revéret, J.-P. and Potvin, C. (2017). The role of indigenous peoples in conservation actions: a case study of cultural differences and conservation priorities, Governing Global Biodiversity. Routledge. 159-176.
Jepng’etich, K. S. (2020). Sustainable Fuelwood Production In Kenya: Potential Role of Community Forest Associations: 2020 International Conference and Utility Exhibition on Energy, Environment and Climate Change (ICUE). IEEE, 1-6.
Jiang, H., Zhang, Y., Lü, E. and Wang, C. (2015). Archaeobotanical evidence of plant utilization in the ancient Turpan of Xinjiang, China: a case study at the Shengjindian cemetery. Vegetation History and Archaeobotany, 24(1), 165-177.
Johnston, C. M., Guo, J. and Prestemon, J. P. (2022). US and Global Wood Energy Outlook under Alternative Shared Socioeconomic Pathways. Forests, 13(5), 786.
Kariuki, D. W. (2021). Socio-Economic Determinants of Household Continued Use of Solid Biofuels (Fuelwood and Charcoal) for Cooking Purposes in Sub-Saharan Africa-Kenya’s Situation. East African Journal of Environment and Natural Resources, 3(1), 49-68.
Kariuki, P. M., Onyango, C. M., Lukhoba, C. W. and Njoka, J. T. (2018). The Role of Indigenous Knowledge on Use and Conservation of Wild Medicinal Food Plants in Loita Sub-county, Narok County. Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics & Sociology, 28(2), 1-9.
Karki, M.B. and Chowdhary, C.L. (2019). Non-timber Forest Products (NTFP) and Agro-forestry Subsectors: Potential for Growth and Contribution in Agriculture Development, Agricultural Transformation in Nepal. Springer. 385-419.
Kenya National Bureau of Statistics. (2010). The 2009 Kenya population and housing census. Kenya National Bureau of Statistics.
Khan, I., Zakari, A., Dagar, V. and Singh, S. (2022). World energy trilemma and transformative energy developments as determinants of economic growth amid environmental sustainability. Energy Economics, 108(105884).
Kimutai, S.K. and Talai, S.M. (2021). Household Energy Utilization Trends in Kenya: Effects of Peri Urbanization. European Journal of Energy Research. 1(2), 7-11. Kumi, R. A. K., & Owusu, E. (2023).
Kungu, W., Agwanda, A. and Khasakhala, A. (2020). Trends and determinants of contraceptive method choice among women aged 15-24 years in Kenya. F1000Research, 9(197), 197.
Kumi, R. A. K., & Owusu, E. (2023). Monetary Valuation of the Unpaid Care Works and Experiences of Some Women in the Upper East Region of Ghana. American Journal of Economics and Business Innovation, 2(1), 52-62.
Lumumba, L. G., Paul, N., Shanyisa, W. M. and Ndung’u, E. M. (2022). Relevance of cash transfer programme on promoting nutrition security among refugees in Kakuma Camp, Kenya.
Lund, B. (2021). The questionnaire method in systems research: an overview of sample sizes, response rates and statistical approaches utilized in studies. VINE Journal of Information and Knowledge Management Systems, 53(1), 1-10.
Maalim, S. A., Adwek, G. and Arowo, M. (2021). Shared energy parks as a solution to energy challenges for Dadaab Refugee Camps in Kenya. Scientific African, 13(e00901).
MacDicken, K. G., Sola, P., Hall, J. E., Sabogal, C., Tadoum, M. and de Wasseige, C. (2015). Global progress toward sustainable forest management. Forest Ecology and Management, 352(47-56).
Manandhar, A., Mousavi-Avval, S. H., Tatum, J., Shrestha, E., Nazemi, P. and Shah, A. (2022). Solid biofuels, Biomass, Biofuels, Biochemicals. Elsevier. 343-370.
Mbaka, C. K. (2021). Spatial variation of household energy consumption across counties in Kenya. African Geographical Review, 1-32.
Meyer, V. M., Benjamens, S., El Moumni, M., Lange, J.F. and Pol, R.A. (2022). Global overview of response rates in patient and health care professional surveys in surgery: a systematic review. Annals of surgery, 275(1), e75.
Mikulewicz, M. (2018). Politicizing vulnerability and adaptation: On the need to democratize local responses to climate impacts in developing countries. Climate and Development, 10(1), 18-34.
Molina, A., Mendoza, A., Lozano, F. J., Serra-Barragán, L. and Ibarra-Yunez, A. (2022). Historical Context and Present Energy Use in the Global Economy, Energy Issues and Transition to a Low Carbon Economy. Springer, 1-29.
Molnár, Z. and Berkes, F. (2018). Role of traditional ecological knowledge in linking cultural and natural capital in cultural landscapes. Reconnecting Natural and Cultural Capital: Contributions from Science and Policy; Paracchini, ML, Zingari, PC, Blasi, C., Eds: 183-193.
Monetary Valuation of the Unpaid Care Works and Experiences of Some Women in the Upper East Region of Ghana. American Journal of Economics and Business Innovation, 2(1), 52-62.
Mouzam, S. M. (2020). UNESCAP and UNCTAD, Asia-Pacific Trade and Investment Report 2019: Navigating Non-tariff Measures (NTMs) Towards Sustainable Development, United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific and United Nations Conference on Trade and Development. SAGE Publications Sage India: New Delhi, India.
Nato, G. N. (2020). Refugee-Environment Nexus: Socio-Cultural Acceptability of Eco-Friendly Options for Household Cooking in Kenyan Refugee Camps, Health in Diversity–Diversity in Health. Springer, 121-133.
Nerfa, L., Rhemtulla, J. M. and Zerriffi, H. (2020). Forest dependence is more than forest income: Development of a new index of forest product collection and livelihood resources. World Development, 125(104689.
Odwar, F. N. A. (2020). Conflict influenced by geography: analysis of Kenya’s geographical position to explain the Somali and North-Eastern Kenya’s unrest, Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi.
Omata, N. (2021). Refugee livelihoods: a comparative analysis of Nairobi and Kakuma Camp in Kenya. Disasters, 45(4), 865-886.
Omoju, O. E., Li, J., Zhang, J., Rauf, A. and Sosoo, V. E. (2020). Implications of shocks in energy consumption for energy policy in sub-Saharan Africa. Energy & Environment, 31(6), 1077-1097.
Osano, A., Maghanga, J., Munyeza, C., Chaka, B., Olal, W. and Forbes, P. (2020). Insights into household fuel use in Kenyan communities. Sustainable Cities and Society, 55(102039).
Pagdee, A., Kim, Y.-s. and Daugherty, P. J. (2006). What makes community forest management successful: a meta-study from community forests throughout the world. Society and Natural resources, 19(1), 33-52.
Pape, U., Beltramo, T., Fix, J., Nimoh, F., Sarr, I. and Rivera, L. A. R. (2021). Understanding the Socioeconomic Differences of Urban and Camp-Based Refug
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Kipkemboi kandie, Wilson k. kipkore, P. O. Odwor
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
