Gendered Dimensions of the Distance Decay Model: Evidence from Female Migration in Rural Nigeria
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54536/ijrud.v2i1.7355Keywords:
Distance Decay Model, Female Migration, Nigeria Ondo West, Rural Labour, Spatial InteractionAbstract
With an emphasis on Nigerian rural areas, this study explores the gendered aspects of the distance decay model. With a focus on the relationship between migration volume and distance from source regions, it uses the distance-decay model to investigate how geographic proximity, socioeconomic inequality, and cultural factors influence female migration patterns. The selection of 1,047 female migrant workers from 30 rural villages in the Ondo West Local Government Area was accomplished through the use of a multi-stage sampling technique. Data were obtained through structured questionnaires and analysed using descriptive statistics and Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation (PPMC). The correlation between the volume of migration and the distance was examined, and coefficients that were more than or equal to 0.5 were deemed to be statistically significant. Findings indicate that female migrants are primarily middle-aged, married, and have minimal formal education. The majority are part of medium-sized households and have moderate salaries, however they report enhanced living conditions relative to their prior circumstances. Migration was predominantly self-directed and economically driven, influenced by poverty, unemployment, and land degradation, whereas pull factors encompassed employment possibilities and facilitation of integration. Spatial study indicated that most migrants came from adjacent southwestern states, notably Osun (34.09%) and Oyo (16.04%), highlighting the influence of proximity. Statistical research established a substantial negative association between distance and migration volume (r = –0.423, p < 0.05), thereby supporting the distance decay model and emphasizing its gendered aspect. The results indicate that distance is a crucial factor influencing female movement, hence reinforcing local mobility trends and constraining access to remote, higher-paying prospects. The research expands spatial interaction theory by including gendered dynamics, demonstrating that distance decay is influenced by socio-economic and cultural factors. Policy interventions must prioritise gender-sensitive rural development initiatives, enhanced infrastructure, and inclusive labour policies to mitigate geographical inequities and improve female mobility. This study enhances migration studies by providing a comprehensive picture of female migration in Nigeria, incorporating spatial, socio-economic, and gender dimensions.
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