Hepatoprotective Activity of Plant Extracts in Non-Human Models: The Toxicants Solvents and Diseased Models-A Review

Abstract

The search for an ideal hepatic regenerative agent has led to the modelling of several forms of liver disorders. This involves the usage of various substances in in-vitro and in-vivo systems that are injurious to the human liver in in-vitro and in-vivo systems and then challenged with plants parts extracted with organic and inorganic solvents. Reported view works on hepatotoxicity have been focused on the plant species, this review therefore focused on the toxicants, the solvents for extraction and models used in inducing the hepatotoxicity. Google search, Elsevier and PubMed databases were searched for primary articles from 2005-2022 on hepatotoxicity. In all, 206 articles were retrieved, of which 46 were rejected and 165 were included for the analysis. Authors reported 55 toxicants used in inducing 10 in-vitro and in-vitro models and challenged with 94 different medicinal plants species extracted using 11 different organic and inorganic solvents. Comparatively, tetrachloromethane (CCL4) was the most frequent toxicant 55 of 94 (58.5%) reported plant species while ethanol 25 (45.5%) was the most frequently used solvent for extracting plant phytoconstituents. For the models used in inducing hepatotoxicity, Wistar albino rats 46 of the 55 (83.6%) reported toxicants was the most predominant. The liver is prone to many available toxicants however, phytohepatoregeneration is possible with many medicinal plants which can easily be extracted with common solvents.