Organizational Citizenship Behavior, Adversity Quotient and Management Competence of School Heads in Region XI: A Convergent Design
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54536/ajmri.v1i5.489Keywords:
Education, Management Competence, School Heads, Organizational Citizenship Behavior, Adversity Quotient, Convergent DesignAbstract
This study utilized mixed methods approach, specifically convergent design to determine the influence of organizational citizenship behavior and adversity quotient on the management competence of the school heads in Region XI. The participants of the study were the school heads in public secondary schools in Region XI. The data were gathered from the participants who were chosen purposively to participate both in the quantitative and qualitative phase of this study. Sets of adapted survey tools with a five-point Likert scale and an interview guide were used to extract data relative to the research questions. The mean, standard deviation, and linear regression were used as statistical tools. In the qualitative phase, thematic analysis in phenomenology was employed. Results showed that the status of organizational citizenship behavior, adversity quotient and management competence of the school heads were rated very high. Further, results showed that there was a significant relationship between organizational citizenship behavior, adversity quotient and management competence. In the qualitative phase of the study, four essential themes emerged as regards the lived experiences of school heads and these were: integral duties and responsibilities of school heads, leadership skills through commitment and dedication to service, a proactive leader, and leadership capabilities. Further, the nature of data integration revealed mergingconverging.
Downloads
References
Ablaña, M. V. V, Isidro, D. J., & Gino, A. C. M. (2015). Correlation between Adversity Quotient and Job Performance of LGU Employees of Tayabas City : Input to Effective Public Personnel Management. Journal of Research of the College of Arts and Sciences, Southern Luzon State University, Lucban, Quezon, PH, 8(2), 109–122.
Amalia, P. R., Wahyuningsih, S. H., & Surwanti, A. (2021). The Mediating Role of Organizational Citizenship Behavior on the Effect of Passion and Empowerment on Job Performance. Jurnal Manajemen Bisnis., 12(2), 127-141.
Antley, T. (2021). What Is Professional Development and Why Is It Important? WebCE. https://www.webce.com/news/2020/07/16/professional-development
Aquino, J. B. (2013). Adversity quotient, leadership style and performance of secondary school heads and commitment to organizational values of teachers in the province of Tarlac.
Armstrong, M. (2011). How to be an even better manager: A complete AZ of proven techniques and essential skills. Kogan Page Publishers.
Balita, C. (2021). Adversity quotient and the pandemic. https://bit.ly/3BPXBi5.
Bandura, A. (1994). Social cognitive theory of mass communication. In J. Bryant & D. Zillmann (Eds.), Media effects: Advances in theory and research, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc. 61–90.
Bautista, M. J. C. (2015). Adversity quotient and teaching performance of faculty members. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, 5(3), 1-6.
Boerner, S., Eisenbeiss, S. A., & Griesser, E. (2007). Follower Behavior and Organizational Performance: The Impact of Transformational Leaders. Journal of Leadership and Organizational Studies, 13(3), 15-26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10717919070130030201
Brackett, M., & Cipriano, C. (2020). Teachers Are Anxious and Overwhelmed. They Need SEL Now More Than Ever. EdSurge. Retrieve from https://www.edsurge.com/news/2020-04-07-teachers-are-anxious-and-overwhelmed-they-need-sel-now-more-than-ever.
Bukhari, Z.U., Ali, U., Shahzad, K., & Bashir, S. (2009). Determinants of organizational citizenship behavior in Pakistan. International Review of Business Research Papers, 5(2), 132-150.
Bush, T., & Glover, D. (2003). School Leadership: Concepts and Evidence, National College for School Leadership, Nottingham.
Chadha, N. (2021).Aadversity quotient: surviving rather than giving up. Psychology and Education Journal, 58(2), 5942-5947.
Chi, C., & Cuyco, J. (2021). Pandemic exacerbates challenges in K to 12 program as DepEd’s subsidies fall short. Philippine Center for Investigative Journalism. https://pcij.org/article/4783/pandemic-exacerbates-k-to-12-program-challenges-as-deped-subsidies-fall-short
Chiang, F. C., & Tsung, S. H. (2012). The impacts of perceived organizational support and psychological empowerment on the job performance: the mediating effects of organizational citizenship behavior. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 31, 180-190. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2011.04.011
Chunin, M., Petchprayoon, C., & Khongngam, S. (2018). Adversity quotient and resiliency predicting career success of teachers in secondary schools. Assoc. Priv. High. Educ. Inst. Thail. Under Patronage Her R. Highness Princess Maha Chakri Siridhorn, 7(2), 49-62.
CNN Philippines. (2020). 748 private schools suspend operations this school year, DepEd says. https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2020/9/9/Private-schools-temporary-closure-DepEd-.html
Colaizzi, P. (1978). Psychological research as a phenomenologist views it. In: Valle, R. S. & King, M. (1978). Existential Phenomenological Alternatives for Psychology. Open University Press: New York.
Cotton, K. (2003). Principals and student achievement. Alexandria, VA: Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development. https://sedl.org/pubs/reading100/RF-NB-2005-Spring.pdf
Creswell J.W. & Plano Clark, V.L. (2011). Designing and conducting mixed methods research. 2nd ed. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Creswell, J. W. (2013). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Day, C., P., Sammons, D., Hopkins, A., Harris, K., Leithwood, Q. G., & Brown, E. (2010). 10 Strong Claims about Successful School Leadership, National College for School Leadership, Nottingham.
DEPED Commons. (2020). Towards A Working DepEd Common. Department of Education. https://commons.deped.gov.ph/deped-commons-roadmap.pdf
DepEd Order No. 32. s. (2010). The National Adoption and Implementation of the National Competency-Based Standards for School Heads. https://www.deped.gov.ph/2010/04/16/do-32-s-2010-national-adoption-and-implementation-of-the-national-competency-based-standards-for-school-heads/.
Educational Institute of Scotland. (2020). Teaching during the Covid-19 Shutdown. https://www.eis.org.uk/Content/images/corona/SurveyResults.pdf
Ehtiyar, V.R., Aktaş, A.A., & Ömüriş, E. (2010). The role of organizational citizenship on university student’s academic success. Tourism and Hospitality Management, 16(1), 47-61.
Fadhila, S., Mudjiran, M., & Gistituati, N. (2019). The Contribution of Adversity Quotient to Learning Outcomes of Students in Middle School and the Counseling Services Implication. https://bit.ly/3n2PZmp.
Granados, N. F., Kauffman, R. J., & King, B. (2008). How has electronic travel distribution been transformed? A test of the theory of newly vulnerable markets. Journal of Management Information Systems, 25(2), 73-96.
Halbesleben, J., & Bellairs, T. (2016). What Are the Motives for Employees to Exhibit Citizenship Behavior?.Oxford Handbooks Online.
Hasanuddin, B. (2020). The Effect of Organizational Citizenship Behavior on the Performance of Civil Servants (Study at Palu City Environment Office). In International Conference on Community Development (ICCD 2020), Atlantis Press. 130-133.
Hong, S. (2020). An Analysis on the Relationships of Tax Official’s Adversity Quotient Factor with Their Resilience and Job Performance. https://gvpress.com/journals/WJAFE/vol4_no1/4.pdf
Jacqueline, A. M., Shapiro, C., Kessler, I., & Purcell, J. (2004). Exploring organizationally directed citizenship behavior: Reciprocity or ‘it’s my job’?. Journal of Management Studies, 41(1), 0022-2380.
Juwita, H. R. (2020). The Role of Adversity Quotient in the Field of Education: A Review of the Literature on Educational Development. International Journal of Educational Methodology, 6(3), 507-515.
Kapur, R. (2020). The Significance of Performance Management in Organizations. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/339294963
Kaul, Maya, Bryan, A., Van Gronigen, & Nicole, S. S. (2020). Calm during crisis: School principal approaches to crisis management during the COVID-19 pandemic. CPRE Policy Briefs. Available online: https://repository.upenn.edu/cpre_policybriefs/89.
Khalil, E. L. (2004). Adam Smith and three theories of altruism. Louvain Economic Review, 67, 421-235.
Kruse, S. D., Hackmann, D. G., & Lindle, J. C. (2020). Academic Leadership During a Pandemic: Department Heads Leading with a Focus on Equity. Frontiers in Education, 5, 614641. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2020.614641
Le Fevre, D., Timperley, H., Twyford, K., & Ell, F. (2020). Leading powerful professional learning: Responding to complexity with adaptive expertise. Corwin. https://theeducationhub.org.nz/instructional-leadership-and-why-it-matters/
Leithwood, K., Day, C., Sammons, P., Harris, A., & Hopkins, D. (2006). Successful School Leadership: What it is and How it Influences Pupil Learning, National College for School Leadership, Department for Education and Skills, Nottingham, www.education.gov.uk/publications/eOrderingDownload/RR800.pdf.
Louis, K.S., Leithwood, K., Wahlstrom, K. L., & Anderson, S.E. (2010). Investigating the Links to Improved Student Learning–Final Report of Research Findings, University of Minnesota, University of Toronto, a report commissioned by the Wallace Foundation, www.wallacefoundation.org/knowledge-center/school-leadership/keyresearch/Documents/Investigating-the-Links-to-Improved-Student-Learning.pdf
Luthans, F. (2011). Organizational Behavior. An Evidence–Based Approach (12th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill International Edition
Malone, N., Mark, L., Miller, K., Kekahio, W., & Narayan, K. (2014). Program monitoring: The role of leadership in planning, assessment, and communication. (REL 2014–034). Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Education, Institute of Education Sciences, National Center for Education Evaluation and Regional Assistance, Regional Educational Laboratory Pacific. http://ies.ed.gov/ncee/edlabs.
Manzon R. (2021). Perceptions of teachers and principals on their adversity quotient in relation to their job performance. https://bit.ly/3vj9B9t.
Mason, J. (2006). Mixing methods in a qualitatively driven way. Qualitative Research, 6(1), 9-25.
McLaughlin, E. (2014). leadership skills. SearchCIO. https://searchcio.techtarget.com/definition/leadership-skills
Mulford, B. (2003). School leaders: Changing roles and impact on teacher and school effectiveness, paper commissioned by the OECD Education and Training Policy Division for the activity Attracting, Developing and Retaining Effective Teachers, www.oecd.org/dataoecd/61/61/2635399.pdf.
Muthuraman, S., & Al-Haziazi, M. (2017). Examining the Factors of Organizational Citizenship Behavior with Reference to Corporate Sectors in Sultanate of Oman. International Review of Management and Marketing, 7(1), 413-422.
Nannyonjo, H., Fernando, C., Oommen, A., & Sampat, S. (2020). School leadership in uncertain times. World Bank Blogs. https://blogs.worldbank.org/education/school-leadership-uncertain-times
Nauta, M.M. (2004). Self-efficacy as a mediator of the relationship between personality factors and career interests. Journal of Career Assessment, 12, 381-394.
Nikam, V., & Uplane, M. (2013). Adversity Quotient and Defense Mechanism of Secondary School Students. https://bit.ly/3j7Hrt8.
OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development) (2019). TALIS 2018 Results (volume I): Teachers and School Leaders as Lifelong Learners, Paris, OECD Publishing.
Organ, D. (2016). The Motivational Basis of Organizational Citizenship Behavior. In: B. Shaw and L. Cummings, ed., Research in Organizational Behavior, 1st ed. Greenwich, CT: JAI Press, 43-72.
Pitagan, F. (2021). Continuity of Education in the PhilippinesAmidst COVID-19 Pandemic-29th JAMCO Online International Symposium. Japan Media Communication Center. https://www.jamco.or.jp/en/symposium/29/6/
Podsakoff, P. M., Mackenzie, S. B., Paine, J. B., & Bachrach, D. G. (2000). Organizational citizenship behaviors: A critical review of the theoretical and empirical literature and suggestions for future research. Journal of Management, 26(3), 513–563.
Pont, B., Nusche, D., & Moorman, H. (2008). Improving School Leadership Volume 1: Policy and Practice, OECD Publishing, Paris.
Queensland Department of Education. (2019). Community collaboration. Education. https://education.qld.gov.au/parents-and-carers/community-engagement/schools/collaboration
Rothwell, W. J., Jackson, R. D., Ressler, C. L., Jones, M. C., & Brower, M. (2015). Career planning and succession management: Developing your organization’s talent—for today and tomorrow: Developing your organization’s talent—for today and tomorrow. ABC-CLIO.
Runtu, D., Aldrin, N., & Merdiaty, N. (2019). Effect of work ethics on job performance with adversity quotient as a mediator. from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/335408029_Effect_of_work_ethics_on_job_performance_with_adversity_quotient_as_a_mediator.
Sharma, V., & Jain, S. (2014). A Scale for Measuring Organizational Citizenship Behavior in Manufacturing Sector. Pacific Business Review International, 6(8), 57–62.
Sherman et. al. (2000). Management Competencies Assessment Instrument.
Smith, S. W., Smith, S. L., Pieper, K. M., et al. (2006). Altruism on American television: Examining the amount of, and context surrounding acts of helping and sharing. Journal of Communication, 56, 707–727.
Somech, A., & Drach-Zahavy, A. (2004). Exploring organizational citizenship behaviour from an organizational perspective: The relationship between organizational learning and organizational citizenship behaviour. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 77(3), pp.281-298.
Soumendu, B., & Arup, V. (2007). Antecedents of employee performance: an empirical investigation in India. Employee Relations, 34(2), 177-192.
Spillane, J.P., & Kenney, A.W. (2012). School administration in a changing education sector: The US experience. Journal of Educational Administration, 50(5), 541-561.
Stoltz, P. (1997). Aversity Quotient: Turning Obstacles intro Opportunities. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Canada.
Stoltz, P. (2001). Adversity Quotient @ Work: Make Everyday Challenges the Key to Your Success. New York City, New York: Harper Paperbacks.
Suryadi, B., & Santoso, T. I. (2017). Self-efficacy, adversity quotient, and students’ achievement in mathematics. International Education Studies, 10(10), 12-19. https://doi.org/10.5539/ies.v10n10p12
The Balance Careers. (2021). What Is Human Resource Management? https://www.thebalancecareers.com/what-is-human-resource-management-1918143
Timperley, H. (2011). Realizing the Power of Professional Learning. New York, NY: Open University Press. https://inquiry.galileo.org/ch6/instructional-leadership/what-is-instructional-leadership/
Townsend, S. (2021). What Is Resource Management and Why Is It Important? Planview. https://www.planview.com/resources/guide/resource-management-software/resource-management-leverage-people-budgets/
Udin, N., & Yuniawan, A. (2020). Psychological capital, personality traits of big-five, Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB), and task performance: Testing their relationships. Journal of Asian Finance, Economics, and Business, 7(9), 781-790. https://doi.org/10.13106/ jafeb2020vol7.no9.781
UNICEF. (2020). Building resilient education systems beyond the COVID-19 pandemic: Considerations for education decision-makers at national, local and school levels. UNICEF Europe and Central Asia.
Usman, Y. D. (2016). Educational Resources: An Integral Component for Effective School Administration in Nigeria. Online Submission, 6(13), 27-37.
Valamis. (2020). What is Competency Management? It’s Importance and Benefits. https://www.valamis.com/hub/competency-management#:%7E:text=Benefits%20to%20competency%20management,will%20succeed%20in%20the%20role.
Verlinden, N. (2021). Organizational Citizenship Behavior: Benefits and 3 Best Practices. AIHR Digital. https://www.digitalhrtech.com/organizational-citizenship-behavior/
Viswanath, P. (2020). Psychologs: How does Adversity Quotient define ones Ability to Endure? https://bit.ly/3j7l5I8 .
Wirihana, L., Welch, A., Williamson, M., Christensen, M., Bakon, S., & Craft, J. (2018). Using Colaizzi’s method of data analysis to explore the experiences of nurse academics teaching on satellite campuses. Nurse Researcher (2014+), 25(4), 30.
Yao, H., & Mingchuan, Y. (2011). An empirical study on organizational citizenship behavior and business performance. In Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Innovation & Management (pp. 1462-1466).
Yen, H., & Neihoff, B. (2004). Organizational citizenship behavior and organizational effectiveness: Finding relationship in Taiwanese banks. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 34(8), 1617-1637.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Rhey Mark H. Diaz, Sylvia J. Pidor
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
