Comparative Study of Phytochemical Properties of Some Bio-Material (African Yam Bean, Pigeon Pea, Pawpaw Leaf Powder, Moringa Seed and Pawpaw Seed)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54536/ajee.v1i1.347Keywords:
Phytochemical Properties, African Yam Bean, Pigeon Pea, Pawpaw Leaf Powder, Moringa Seed and Pawpaw SeedAbstract
The study was carried out to compare the phytochemical properties of Africa yam bean, pigeon pea, moringa seed, pawpaw leaf and pawpaw seed powder and the Significance of the phytochemicals in respect to the treatment of diseases were discussed. Phytochemicals were qualitatively analyzed from the plants ethanol extracts and the practical were done in Bro. Mike researchers Lab. Umuerim Extension Umudibia Nekede and the Standard phytochemical analysis methods were adopted. Preliminary screening of the Africa yam bean, pigeon pea, moringa seed, Pawpaw leaf and pawpaw seed powder revealed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, saponins, steroids, and in all the plants ethanol extracts. Africa yam bean contained all the phytochemicals except tannin, while there was absence of flavonoid, and Glycoside in pigeon pea. Tannins were also absent in the pawpaw seed and pawpaw seed extracts. There was also the absence of steroid and ncardiac glycosides in moringa. The quantitative analysis of the six selected phytochemicals revealed that there was a significant difference in the mean values of alkaloids and flavonoids contents of African yam bean plants. However, at Africa yam bean had the highest Alkaloids content while moringa seed had the highest flavonoids content. The Pawpaw leaf contained the highest tannins and Saponins was found highest in pawpaw leaf and pawpaw seed. Finally, the results justified the medicinal potentials of these plants in the treatment of diseases.
Downloads
References
Abrha B., Chaithanya Krishna K., Gopalakrishnan V.K., Hagos Z., Hiruy M., Devaki K. Phytochemical screening and in vitro antioxidants activities of ethanolic extract of Acokantheraschimperi leaves. J. Pharm. Res. 2018;12:660.
Al-Rasheed N.M., Fadda L.M., Ali H.M., Abdel Baky N.A., El-Orabi N.F., Al-Rasheed N.M., Yacoub H.I. New mechanism in the modulation of carbon tetrachloride hepatotoxicity in rats using different natural antioxidants. Toxicol. Mech. Meth. 2016;26:243–250. doi: 10.3109/15376516.2016.1159769.
Ambriz-Pérez D.L., Leyva-López N., Gutierrez-Grijalva E.P., Heredia J.B. Phenolic compounds: Natural alternative in inflammation treatment. A Review. Cogent Food Agric. 2016;2:1131412.
Birben E., Sahiner U.M., Sackesen C., Erzurum S., Kalayci O. Oxidative stress and antioxidant defense. World Allergy Organ. J. 2012;5:9–19. doi: 10.1097/WOX.0b013e3182439613.
Baumann J., Wurm G., Bruchhausen F.V. Prostaglandin synthetase inhibition by flavonoids and phenolic compounds in relation to their O2-scavenging properties. Arch. Pharm. Pharm. Med. Chem. 1980;313:330–337. doi: 10.1002/ardp.19803130409.
Carocho M., Ferreira I.C. A review on antioxidants, prooxidants and related controversy: Natural and synthetic compounds, screening and analysis methodologies and future perspectives. Food Chem. Toxicol. 2013;51:15–25. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.09.021.
Gengatharan, A., Dykes, G.A., Choo, W.S. & Betalains. Natural plant pigments with potential application in functional foods. LWT Food Sci. Technol., 64, 645–649. doi: 10.1016/j.lwt.2015.06.052.
Gandía-Herrero F., Escribano J., García-Carmona F. Biological activities of plant pigments betalains. Cri. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. 2016;56:937–945. doi: 10.1080/10408398.2012.740103.
Gulcin I. Antioxidants and antioxidant methods: An updated overview. Arch. Toxicol. 2020;94:651–715. doi: 10.1007/s00204-020-02689-3.
Hrelia S., Angeloni C. New Mechanisms of Action of Natural Antioxidants in Health and Disease. Antioxidants.2020;9:344. doi: 10.3390/antiox9040344.
Hsu B., Coupar I.M., Ng K. Antioxidant activity of hot water extract from the fruit of the Doum palm, Hyphaene thebaica. Food Chem. 2006;98:317–328. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2005.05.077.
Kumar S. Free Radicals and Antioxidants: Human and Food System. Adv. Appl. Sci. Res. 2011;2:129–135.
Lahbib K., Dabbou S., ELBok S., Pandino G., Lombardo S., Gazzah M.E.L. Variation of biochemical andantioxidant activity with respect to the part of Capsicum annuum fruit from Tunisian autochthonous cultivars. Ind. Crops Prod. 2017;104:164–170. doi: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2017.04.037.
Lombardo S., Pandino G., Mauromicale G. The effect on tuber quality of an organic versus a conventional cultivation system in the early crop potato. J. Food Compos. Anal. 2017;62:189–196. doi: 10.1016/j.jfca.2017.05.014.
Lee S., Park Y., Zuidema M.Y., Hannink M., Zhang C. Effects of interventions on oxidative stress and inflammation of cardiovascular diseases. World J. Cardiol. 2011;3:18–24. doi: 10.4330/wjc.v3.i1.18.
Lobo V., Patil A., Phatak A., Chandra N. Free radicals, antioxidants and functional foods: Impact on human health. Pharmacogn. Rev. 2010;4:118–126. doi: 10.4103/0973-7847.70902.
Onay Ucar E., Karagoz A., Arda N. Antioxidant activity of Viscum album ssp. album. Fitoterapia. 2006;77:556–560.
Oluwaseun A.A., Ganiyu O. Antioxidant properties of methanolic extracts of mistletoes (Viscum album) from cocoa and cashew trees in Nigeria. Afr. J. Biotech. 2008;7:17.
Pohl F., Thoo Lin P.K. The potential use of plant natural products and plant extracts with antioxidant properties for the prevention/treatment of neurodegenerative diseases: In vitro, in vivo and clinical trials. Molecules. 2018;23:3283. doi: 10.3390/molecules23123283.
Peschel W., Sanchez-Rabaneda F., Dn W., Plescher A., Gartzia I., Jimenez D., Lamuela-Raventos R., Buxaderas S., Condina C. An industrial approach in the search of natural antioxidants from vegetable and fruit wastes. Food Chem. 2006;97:137–150. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2005.03.033.
Pandino G., Meneghini M., Tavazza R., Lombardo S., Mauromicale G. Phytochemicals accumulation and antioxidant activity in callus and suspension cultures of Cynara scolymus L. Plant Cell Tissue Org. Cult. 2017;128:223–230. doi: 10.1007/s11240-016-1102-6.
Pham-Huy L.A., He H., Pham-Huy C. Free Radicals, Antioxidants in Disease and Health. Int. J. Biomed. Sci. IJBS. 2008;4:89–96.
Packer L., Weber S.U., Rimbach G. Molecular aspects of alpha-tocotrienol antioxidant action and cell signaling. J. Nutri. 2001;131:369S–373S. doi: 10.1093/jn/131.2.369S.
Rice-Evans, C.A., Miller, N.J., Bolwell P.G., Bramley, P.M., & Pridham, J.B. The relative antioxidant activities of plant-derived polyphenolic flavonoids. Free Radic. Res., 22, 375–383. doi: 10.3109/10715769509145649.2013.
Rahman M., Islam B., Biswas M., Alam A.H.M.K. In vitro antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity of different parts of Tabebuia pallida growing in Bangladesh. BMC Res. Notes. 2015;8:621. doi: 10.1186/s13104-015-1618-6.
Sultana F.B., Anwar M. Ashraf Effect of extraction solvent/technique on the antioxidant activity of selected medicinal plant extracts. Molecules. 2009;14:2167–2180. doi: 10.3390/molecules14062167.
Urech K., Baumgartner S. Chemical constituents of Viscum album L.: Implications for the pharmaceutical preparation of mistletoe. Mistletoe: From mythology to evidence-based medicine. Transl. Res. Biomed. 2015;4:11–23.
Vicas S., Prokish J., Rugina O.D., Socaciu C. Hydrophilic and Lipophilic Antioxidant Activities of Mistletoe (Viscum album) as determined by FRAP method. Not. Bot. Horti. Agrobot. Cluj-Napoca. 2009;37:112–116.
Valko M., Morris H., Cronin M.T. Metals, toxicity and oxidative stress. Curr. Med. Chem. 2005;12:1161–1208. doi: 10.2174/0929867053764635.
Williams R.J., Spencer J.P., Rice-Evans C. Flavonoids: Antioxidants or signallingmolecules? Free Rad. Biol. Med. 2004;36:838–849. doi: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2004.01.001.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Ibiam Prince Amauche, Amadi Chiubeze, Ezeamama Liliam, Ain Grace, Ifegbo Arinze N
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
