Dumping on Waters: The Lacunae in Waste Management in the Niger Delta, Nigeria
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54536/ajec.v1i2.602Keywords:
Waste, Waste Disposal, Scavengers, Waste ManagementAbstract
The need to provide additional information towards adopting a well-developed and standard waste management scheme in Yenagoa Metropolis prompted this study. It was based on waste source, transferring process and stakeholders, location and elevation, ecological sensitivity, risk factors and general people’s wellbeing. The operation of waste stakeholders and their activities were recorded on daily basis through Mass-Volume Analysis method using weighbridge scale for twelve (12) months (January–December 2021); Student-T test (t) and Two-Ways ANOVA were used to analyzed results. Results confirmed that, Etelebou is a government approved open-air-dumpsite for both liquid and solid waste; the Brikari Nig. Ltd. Company is transferring 50% solid waste while the Patico and Saturday (21.8% each) merged top commuters transferring liquid waste to the central Dumpsite. In general, the open-air-dumpsite is receiving an average 546.830 tonnes of waste annually consisting of 91% solid and 9% liquid with less than 10% material recovery for reuse and recycling. At 5% (ά=0.05%) interval, the difference between weekly waste stream and wastes stakeholders (commuters) is insignificant (0.324<2.57); so also waste stream per monthly summary (0.32<2.14). We therefore discouraged the current dumping operation at Etelebou due to its elevation (5 meters below sea level), proximity to natural drainage with a porous geological structure that posses’ ecological health risk on flora and fauna. Therefore, the study advises alternative disposal site and recommends controlled incineration, compositing and waste recycling for best practice in low regions like the Niger Delta of Nigeria.
Downloads
References
Abdul-Rahman, F. (2014). Reuse, Recycle: Alternatives for Waste Management Guide G-314, New Mexico State University Press.
Abila, B. and Kantola, J. (2020). Municipal Solid Waste Management Problems in Nigeria: Evolving Knowledge Management Solution. International Journal of Environmental, Chemical, Biological, Geological Engineering, 7(6), 303-308,
Agbaeze, E.K.; S.A. Ofobruku and Chukwu, B.I. (2020). Influence of Entrepreneurial Innovations on Sustainable Solid Waste Recycling in Abuja, Nigeria, Periodically Polytechnica Social and Management Science 29(1).
Agunbiade, F.O. and Odukoya, O.O. (2019). Potential Health Risks Categorisation and Atmospheric Pollutant Load from Spontaneous Fire Outbreak in Olusosun Landfill Lagos, Nigeria: Fuzzy Air Quality Index Approach, University of Lagos, Journal of Basic Medical Sciences, 7(1 & 2), 37-44.
Alam, P. and Ahmde, K. (2013). Impact of Solid Waste on Health and the Environment. International Journal of Sustainable Development and Green Economics (IJSDGE), 2(1), 165-168
Amadi, A. N., Nwankwoala, H. O., Dan-Hassan, M. A., Eze, C. J., Okunlola, I. A., Okoye, N. O., Alkali, Y. B., Ako, T. A., Alabi, A. A. and Waziri, S. H. (2019). A Review of Waste Management Techniques in parts of Niger Delta, Nigeria. Access from https://staff.futminna.edu.ng/ARC/content/journal/PF1340/7.pdf
Amukali, O., P.A. Bariweni, M.J. Sophia and Imaito-Uku, B (2020). Perception and participation in solid waste management in Ndokwa West L.G.A, Delta State, Nigeria. International Journal of Natural Resources Ecology and Mangement, 5(3), 108-114.
Aroloye, O.N. (2019). Municipal Solid Waste Disposal in Mangrove Forest: Environmental Implication and Management Strategies in the Niger Delta, Nigeria, Intechopen.com
Awosusi, O.A. (2010). Assessment of Environmental problems and Methods of Waste Management in Ado Ekiti, Nigeria, African Research Review, 4(3), 127-132.
Ayodeji, I. (2012). Waste management awareness, knowledge and practice of secondary school teachers in Ogun state, Nigeria, The Journal of Solid Waste Technology and Management, 37, 221-234.
Bariweni, P.A.; W.L. Izonfuo and Amadi, E.N. (2002). Domestic Waste Levels and Assessment of their Current Management Strategies in Yenagoa Metropolis. Global Journal of Environmental Sciences, 1(1), 15-19.
BioEnergy Consult (2020). A Glance At Biggest Dumpsites in Nigeria, Published on Nov.14, 2020. Retrieved from www.bioenergyconsult.com/biggest-dumpsites-in-nigeria/ on 27/1/2021.
Chinedu,I., C. Ezeibe, S.C. Anijiofor and Daud, N.N.N (2018). Solid Waste Management in Nigeria: Problems, Prospects and Policies, Journal of Solid Waste Technology and Management, 44(2), 163-172.
Ebuete, A.W.; S. Isiya, L. E. Ndiwari, I.Y. Ebuete, P. T.A. Walson and Wolisi, H.I. (2020): The Food and the Poison, a Retrospect of Abattoir, Butcher Markets and Buckateria in Nigeria: An Emperical Study, American Journal of Epidemiology & Public Health, 4(1), 024-031
Ebuete, A.W.; Y. Eremasi and Berezi, K.O. (2022).Waste Dumping on Surface Water: Disposal Impact Assessment in Yenagoa Metropolis,Nigeria. Multidisciplinary Journal of academic Research and Development, 2(1), 11-25.
Environmental Protection Agency (2004). The life cycle of a cell phone [Online]. Retrieved from http://www.epa.gov/osw/education/pdfs/life-cell.pdf
Environmental Protection Agency (2010). Municipal solid waste in the United States: 2009 facts and figures [Online]. Retrieved from http://www.epa.gov/epawaste/nonhaz/municipal/pubs/msw2009rpt.pdf
EPA (2001). In Cunningham P & Cunningham A (2004). (2 ed): Principles of Environmental Science: An inquiring and Application, McGraw Hill, New York. Available at www.mhhe.com/environmentalscience.
Ezeudu, O. B., Agunwamba, J. C., Ugochukwu, U. C., & Ezeudu, T. S. (2020). Temporal assessment of municipal solid waste management in Nigeria: prospects for circular economy adoption. Reviews on environmental health, 36(3), 327-344.
Ikoko, I.L., C.I.Osu and Horsfall, M. (2020). Contamination and Pollution Studies of Heavy metals in Sand Filter Media Waste Dumpsite in Yenagoa, Bayelsa State, Nigeria, Journal of Applied Sciences and Environment Management, 24(4), 22-27.
Kaza, S., Yao, L., Bhada-Tata, P., & Van Woerden, F. (2018). What a waste 2.0: a global snapshot of solid waste management to 2050. World Bank Publications, from https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/30317
Khitoliya, R.K. (2004). Environmental Pollution: Management & Control for Sustainable Development. S. Chand & Company Ltd, 143-146.
Lenkiewicz, Z. and Webster, M. (2017). How to measure your waste: making Waste work; a toolkit, Wasteaid Uk. Retrieved from www.wasteaid.org.uk.
Melai, V., A. Giovannini; F. Chiumieno, M. Bellocci and Migliorati, G. (2018). Occurrence of metals in Vegetables and fruits from areas near landfill in Southern Italy and the Implications for human exposure. International Journal of Food Contamination, 5(8), 2-13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40550-0180070-5.
Merem, E.C.; Y. Twumasi; J. Wesley; M. Alsarari; S. Fageir et al. (2019). Regional Assessment of Climate Change Hazards in Southern Nigeria with GIS, Journal of Safety Engineering, 8(1), 9-27.
Musa, S.D. and Ifatimehin, O.O. (2013). Human Health Implications of Waste dump Cultivated Vegetables in Anyigba, Kogi State, Nigeria. Research Journal of Environmental and Earth Science; 12, 710-713. https://dx-doi.org/10.19026/rjees.5.5726.
Njagi, D.N.; M.M. Ngugi and Njagi, E.M.N. (2017). Heavy Metals Concentration in Vegetables Grown around Dumpsites in Nairobi City County, Kenya, World Environment, 7(2), 49-56.
Nkwunonwo, U. C., Odika, P. O., & Onyia, N. I. (2020). A review of the health implications of heavy metals in food chain in Nigeria. The Scientific World Journal, 2020. https//doi.org/10.1155/2020/6594109.
Oborie, E. And Nwankwoala, H.O. (2017). Determination of Ground water flow Direction in Yenagoa Bayelsa State, Nigeria, Journal of Scientific Achievements, 2(9), 23-27.
Okoli C.; C. Nkiruka; A. Egobueze and Briggs, D.A. (2020). Waste Management Policy Implementation in Nigeria: A study of Rivers State Waste Management Agency; International Journal of Advanced Research, 755-765.
Okpara, D.A., M. Kharlamova and Grachev, V. (2021). Proliferation of Household Waste Irregular Dumpsites in Niger Delta Region (Nigeria): Unsustainable Public Health Monitoring and Future Restitution, Sustainable Environment on Resources; 31(4). https://doi.org/10.1186/s42834-020-00077-1.
Orodu, V.E. and Leizou, K.E. (2017). Determining of Heavy Metals in Soils of Municipal Solid Waste Dumpsite, Yenagoa Metropolis, Bayelsa State; Scholar Academic Journal of Bioscience, 5(4), 320-324.
Raimi, M. O., Iyingiala, A. A., Sawyerr, O. H., Saliu, A. O., Ebuete, A. W., Emberru, R. E., ... & Osungbemiro, W. B. (2022). Leaving No One Behind: Impact of Soil Pollution on Biodiversity in the Global South: A Global Call for Action. In Biodiversity in Africa: Potentials, Threats and Conservation. Springer, Singapore (pp. 205-237). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-3326-4
Roger, B; J.E. Jr. Smith and Wilson, D. (1989). The safe disposal of hazardous wastes: The special needs and problems of developing countries, World Bank Technical Paper 93. Washington: World Bank.
Stanley, O.H.; S.C. Orakwuemma; O. B. Onumajuru; S. A. Opukeme and Onaghise, O.L. (2018). Assessment of Solid Waste Disposal in Yenagoa, Bayelsa State, Nigeria. Asian Journal of Advanced Research and Reports. 1, 4, 1-14.
Sunday, I.E. (2013). Waste Disposal Problems and Mangement in Ughelli, Nigeria, Journal of Environmental Protection, 4(4), 12-20.
Taiwo, A.O; O.T. Dada, A.S. Ayoola and Faniran, G.B. (2022). Socio-Economic, Health and Environmental Aspects of Child Waste picking at Africa’s largest Dumpsite; American Journal of Environmental Sciences, 18(3), 69-80.
United Nation Environment Program UNEP (2015). Global Waste Management Outlook. Austria: United Nations Environment Program Publishers.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Ebuete A. W, Wodu P. Douye, Ebuete Eluan
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
