Coastal Water Quality Assessment of Partially Remediated Oil Spill Site
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54536/ajec.v4i2.4648Keywords:
Coastal Water Quality, DENR Compliance, Marine Ecosystem, Oil Spill, RemediationAbstract
Oil spills are a major environmental catastrophe that poses significant threats to marine life and coastal communities. This study assesses the coastal water quality of a partially remediated oil spill site in Jasaan, Misamis Oriental. Water samples were collected from Kimaya, Luz Banzon, and Solana stations to analyze key physico-chemical parameters, including temperature, pH, salinity, nitrate, total suspended solids, biological oxygen demand, dissolved oxygen, and oil and grease using descriptive comparative research design. According to the findings, the water quality parameters remained within acceptable limits. However, salinity in Station 3 was lower on average and not normally distributed, likely due to local activities. Among all the parameters, only temperature did not significantly differ between stations. However, it stayed within the allowable limits for Class SC waters, as defined by DENR Administrative Order 2016-08. Successful cleanup activities were indicated by oil and grease concentrations that were continuously below the reporting limit (<1 mg/L). The water quality after cleanup has remained stable throughout time, ensuring that it is suitable for marine life and recreational activities. The study emphasizes the importance of community involvement, sustained enforcement policies, and long-term monitoring in maintaining water quality in areas affected by oil spills.
Downloads
References
Aeppli, C., Carmichael, C. A., Nelson, R. K., Lemkau, K. L., Graham, W. M., Redmond, M.C., & Reddy, C. M. (2012). Oil weathering after the Deepwater Horizon disaster led to the formation of oxygenated residues. Environmental Science & Technology, 46(16), 8799-8807. https://doi.org/10.1021/es3015138
Agaton, C. B., Guno, C. S., Labog, R. A., & Collera, A. A. (2023). Immediate Socioeconomic impacts of Mindoro oil spill on fisherfolk of Naujan, Philippines. Resources, 12(9), 102. https://doi.org/10.3390/resources12090102.
Andalecio, M. N., Napata, R. P., & Garibay, S. S. (2014). Aquaculture response and recovery from the effects of M/T Solar 1 oil spill. Journal of Aquaculture & Marine Biology, 1(2), 6. https://doi.org/10.15406/jamb.2014.01.00008
Anderson, D. M., Glibert, P. M., & Burkholder, J. M. (2021). Harmful algal blooms and eutrophication: Nutrient sources, composition, and consequences. Environmental Science & Technology, 55(10), 5649–5665. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.0c04204
Aung, M. T. M., Li, Q., Takahashi, S., & Utsumi, M. (2018). Effect of temperature on hydrocarbon bioremediation in simulated petroleum-polluted seawater collected from Tokyo Bay. Japanese Journal of Water Treatment Biology, 54(2), 95-104.
Bacosa, H. P., Evans, M. M., Wang, Q., & Liu, Z. (2018). Assessing the role of Environmental conditions on the degradation of oil following the Deepwater Horizon oil spill. In Oil Spill Environmental Forensics Case Studies (pp. 617–637). Elsevier.
Balasubramanian, S. V., Pahlevan, N., Smith, B., Binding, C., Schalles, J., Loisel, H., Gurlin, D., Greb, S., Alikas, K., Randla, M., Bunkei, M., Moses, W., Nguyn, H., Lehmann, M. K., O’Donnell, D., Ondrusek, M., Han, T.-H., Fichot, C. G., Moore, T., & Boss, E. (2020). Robust algorithm for estimating total suspended solids (TSS) in inland and nearshore coastal waters. Remote Sensing of Environment, 111768. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2020.111768
Best, M. A., Wither, A. W., & Coates, S. (2007). Dissolved oxygen as a physico-chemical supporting element in the Water Framework Directive. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 55(1-6), 53-64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2006.08.037
Beyer, J., Petersen, K., Song, Y., Ruus, A., Grung, M., Bakke, T., & Tollefsen, K. E. (2016).Environmental effects of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill: A review. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 35(2), 268-279. https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.3368
Boyd, C. E. (2020). Water quality: An introduction to biological and physical processes. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-23338-9
Cao, Y., Zhang, B., Zhu, Z., Song, X., Cai, Q., Chen, B., Dong, G., & Ye, X. (2020). Microbial eco-physiological strategies for salinity-mediated crude oil biodegradation. Science of the Total Environment, 727, 138723. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138723
Chang, N. B., Xuan, Z., & Wanielista, M. P. (2021). Water Quality Monitoring in Coastal Regions: A Comparative Study of Standard Parameters Across Sites. Environmental Science and Technology, 35(7), 1283–1292. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1010784023385
Daly, K. L., Passow, U., Chanton, J., & Hollander, D. (2016). Assessing the impacts of oil- associated marine snow formation and sedimentation during and after the Deepwater Horizon oil spill. Anthropocene, 13, 18-33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ancene.2016.01.006
De-la-Cruz, A. A., & Quijano, L. R. (2021). The role of stable pH conditions in promoting ecosystem resilience in industrially impacted coastal waters. Marine Environmental Research, 165, 104931.
Dey, S., & Saha, D. (2020). Assessment of water quality in coastal areas: A statistical approach. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 150, 110716. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.110716
Effendi, H., Mursalin, M., & Hariyadi, S. (2022). Rapid water quality assessment as a quick response of oil spill incident in coastal area of Karawang, Indonesia. Frontiers in Environmental Science, 10, 757412. https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2022.757412
Enujiugha, V. N., & Nwanna, L. C. (2004). Aquatic oil pollution impact indicators. Journal Of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management, 8(2), 71-75.
Fingas, M. (2011). Oil Spill Science and Technology: Prevention, Response, and Cleanup.Gulf Professional Publishing.
Hu, C., Li, X., Pichel, W. G., & Muller-Karger, F. E. (2009). Detection of natural oil slicks in the NW Gulf of Mexico using MODIS imagery. Geophysical Research Letters, 36(1). https://doi.org/10.1029/2008GL036119
Iloabuchi, N. E., Omokaro, G. O., & Agbede, O. E. (2024). Oil spillage monitoring in Nigeria and the role of remote sensing – An overview. American Journal of Environment and Climate, 3(1), 78–87. https://doi.org/10.54536/ajec.v3i1.2650
Jerusalem, J. (2021, April 5). Coast Guard collects 2K-liter oil residue from sunken ship. Philippines News Agency. https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1135712
Jiang, Z., Xiong, Z., &Huang, Y. (2020). Impacts of salinity changes on coastal marine ecosystems: A review. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 159, 111494.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111494
Jørgensen, S. E., & Fath, B. D. (2011). Fundamentals of ecological modelling: Applications In environmental management and research. Elsevier.
Joye, S. B., Teske, A. P., & Kostka, J. E. (2014). Microbial dynamics following the Macondo oil well blowout across Gulf of Mexico environments. BioScience, 64(9),766-777. https://doi.org/10.1093/biosci/biu121
Khalaf, G., Nakhlé, K., Abboud-Abi Saab, M., Tronczynski, J., Mouawad, R., & Fakhri, M. (2006). Preliminary results of the oil spill impact on Lebanese coastal waters. Lebanese Science Journal, 7(2), 135.
Kose, T., Seki, S., & Yamamoto, H. (2021). The impact of oil pollution on coastal marine ecosystems: Long-term risks and remediation strategies. Marine Pollution Bulletin,170, 112617. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112617
Kujawinski, E. B., Soule, M. C., Valentine, D. L., Boysen, A. K., Longnecker, K., & Redmond, M. C. (2011). Fate of dispersants associated with the Deepwater Horizon oil spill. Environmental Science & Technology, 45(4), 1298-1306.
Li, J., Wang, X., & Wu, H. (2021). Effects of total suspended solids on light penetration and primary productivity in coastal waters. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 402, 123456. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123456
Liu, J., Bacosa, H. P., & Liu, Z. (2017). Potential environmental factors affecting oil-Degrading bacterial populations in deep and surface waters of the northern Gulf of Mexico. Frontiers in Microbiology, 7, 2131. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2016.02131
Mendoza, M. U., Dur, G., Rosana, M. R., Santos, M. D., Mutia, M. T. M., Kawit, N. S., Ite, M. O., Villanueva, L. S., Anneville, O., Souissi, S., & Papa, R. D. S. (2020). Water quality and weather trends preceding fish kill occurrences in Lake Taal (Luzon Is.,Philippines) and recommendations on its long-term monitoring. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 192(7), 467. https://doi.org/10.1007/s1066102008412y
Michel, J., & Fingas, M. (2016). Oil spill cleanup techniques. In Fingas, M. (Ed.), Oil Spill Science and Technology (2nd ed., pp. 713-763). Gulf Professional Publishing.
Mocuba, J. J. (2010). Dissolved oxygen and biochemical oxygen demand in the waters closeto the Quelimane sewage discharge (Master’s thesis). The University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
Murga, A. (2019, October 11). Saving an island from the worst oil spill in the Philippines: The case of Guimaras. Mongabay News. Retrieved fromhttps://news.mongabay.com/2019/10/saving-an-island-from-the-worst-oil-spill-in-the-philippines-the-case-of-guimaras/
Nguyen, T. P., Hoang, A. T., & Nguyen, X. P. (2022). Environmental assessment of a coastalarea impacted by an oil spill: A case study using the Theory of Environmental Assessment. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 176, 113409. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113409
Ololade, I. A., & Lajide, L. (2010). Post-impact assessment of oil spillage on watercharacterization. Applied Ecology and Environmental Research, 8(3), 191-205.http://www.ecology.uni-corvinus.hu
Owens, E. H., Taylor, E., & Humphrey, B. (2005). The persistence and character of strandedoil on coarse-sediment beaches. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 50(4), 446-457. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2004.11.025
Peterson, C. H., Rice, S. D., Short, J. W., Esler, D., Bodkin, J. L., Ballachey, B. E., & Irons,D. B. (2003). Long-term ecosystem response to the Exxon Valdez oil spill. Science, 302(5653), 2082-2086. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1084282
Pintor, A. M. A., Vilar, V. J. P., Botelho, C. M. S., & Boaventura, R. A. R. (2016). Oil andgrease removal from wastewaters: Sorption treatment as an alternative to state-of-the-art technologies. A critical review. Chemical Engineering Journal, 297, 229-255. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2016.03.121
Reddy, C. M., Arey, J. S., Seewald, J. S., Sylva, S. P., Lemkau, K. L., Nelson, R. K., &Camilli, R. (2012). Composition and fate of gas and oil released to the water column during the Deepwater Horizon oil spill. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 109(50), 20229-20234.
Sathishkumar, M., Binupriya, A. R., Baik, S. H., & Yun, S. E. (2008). Biodegradation ofCrude oil by individual bacterial strains and a mixed bacterial consortium isolated from hydrocarbon contaminated areas. CLEAN—Soil, Air, Water, 36(1), 92-96.
Solo-Gabriele, H. M., Fiddaman, T., Mauritzen, C (2021). Towards integrated modeling of the long-term impacts of oil spills. Marine Policy, 131, 104554. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2021.104554
Suarez, M. N. S., & Zoleta, J. M. R. (2024). Water quality assessment of Sarangani Bay: Basis for sustainable coastal management. American Journal of Environment and Climate, 3(2), 34–44. https://doi.org/10.54536/ajec.v3i2.2803
Sumalapao, D. E. P., Cruz, L. L. A., Cua, S. K. N., Dauigoy, H. V. G., & De Leon, E. A. (2016). On the pH and acid neutralizing capacity profile of Manila Bay coastal water samples in Manila, Philippines. Manila Journal of Science, 9, 104–113.
Tamang, R. T., & Macalam, F. J. T. (2023). Characterization of water quality in Bitan-ag Creek, Cagayan de Oro City, Philippines: A physicochemical investigation. Science International (Lahore), 35(3), 271-275.
Tayeb, A., Chellali, M. R., Hamou, A., & Debbah, S. (2015). Impact of urban and industrial effluents on the coastal marine environment in Oran, Algeria. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 98, 281-288. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.07.013
Torres, D. H. A., da Costa Dias, F., Bahiana, B. R., & et al. (2020). Oil spill simulation and analysis of its behavior under the effect of weathering and chemical dispersant: A case study of the Bacia de Campos—Brazil. Water, Air, Soil Pollution, 231, 521. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-020-04891-9
Valentine, D. L., Fisher, G. B., Bagby, S. C., Nelson, R. K., Reddy, C. M., Sylva, S. P., & Woo, M. A. (2014). Fallout plume of submerged oil from Deepwater Horizon. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 111(45), 15906-15911. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1414873111
Vaughan, M. R. (2017). Marine water quality annual report 2016. Auckland City Council. ISBN 9781988529844.
Villamor, F. (2024, July 29). Philippine oil spill reaches fishing town, threatens livelihoods. Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/philippine-oil-spill-reaches- fishing-town-threatens-livelihoods-2024-07-29/
Whitehead, A. (2013). Interactions between oil-spill pollutants and natural stressors can compound ecotoxicological effects. Integrative and Comparative Biology, 53(4), 635- 647. https://doi.org/10.1093/icb/ict080
Yap, C. K., Fairuz, M. S., Yeow, K. L., Hatta, M. Y., Ismail, A., Ismail, A. R., & Tan, S. G. (2009). Dissolved heavy metals and water quality in the surface waters of rivers and drainages of the West Peninsular Malaysia. Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution, 6(3), 51-59.
Yender, R., Stanzel, K., & Lloyd, A. (2008). Impacts and response challenges of the tanker Solar 1 oil spill, Guimaras, Philippines: Observations of international advisors. International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings, 2008(1), 77–81, https://doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2008-1-77
Zoleta, J. M. R., & Nawang, A. A. (2015). Assessment of Cagayan de Oro River: Basis forintervention. Liceo Journal of Higher Education Research, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.7828/ljher.v11i1.907
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Regine A. Albios, Judy Marie R. Zoleta

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.