Satisfaction with Electronic Contract
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54536/ajsl.v4i2.4144Keywords:
Consent, Electronic Contract, Offer and Acceptance, SatisfactionAbstract
Electronic contracts use complicated lawful jargon, which makes it difficult for users to develop an understanding of their rights and compulsions. Thus, users are hesitant to enter into e-contracts because they fear data security and the legitimacy of the contract. Satisfaction might be lacking in this context, which is the contentment of the contractual obligations with the overall recognition of the contract terms by both parties. The researcher aims to analyze the core factors that contribute to satisfaction in e-contracts, mainly focusing on Arab and foreign legislation. The study employed a comparative approach along with a descriptive-analytical approach to clarify the concept of the electronic contract, its elements, characteristics, and some legal legislation. Deficiencies in the legislation regulating electronic contracts as it does not explain the concept of the electronic contract in detail. It relies on the general rules of contracts in civil laws that do not regulate the methods of expressing the electronic will. This weakness may be avoided by applying the legal dimensions under the Model Law for International Electronic Commerce. There is a weakness and defect in the legislation for electronic contracts under the Model Law for International Electronic Commerce. Thus, new and comprehensive legal legislation for electronic transactions must be created that clarifies the nature of electronic contracts.
Downloads
References
Abdul Aziz Muhammad Hamad Satti. (2002). Legal principles and legislative provisions regulating contracts and electronic commerce. Sudan.
Adams, A. S. (n.d.). Legal issues involved in e-contracts.
Ajuwon, A. J. (2020). Ethical principles and responsible conduct in research. African Journal of Biomedical Research, 23(SE2), 11–13.
Al Enizi, Z. K., & Sharaiyra, S. W. (2019). Online sales contracts: A study of the UAE law. Journal of Legal, Ethical and Regulatory Issues, 22, 1.
Al Masadeh, A. M., Khawaldeh, A. M., & Al-salamat, M. A. (2024). The Electronic Contract in Civil and Commercial Codes. International Journal of Cyber Criminology, 18(1), 1-14.
Al Tamimi & Co. (2011). Federal anti-bribery legislation in the United Arab Emirates. https://www.tamimi.com/law-update-articles/federal-anti-bribery-legislation-in-the-united-arab-emirates/
Albalawee, N. (2024). E-Contracting within Jordan’s Legal Framework. Pakistan Journal of Criminology, 16(1).
Alharahsheh, H. H., & Pius, A. (2020). A review of key paradigms: Positivism VS interpretivism. Global Academic Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 2(3), 39-43.
Al-Humoud, T. (2020). Saudi Arabian Monetary Authority: Why do central banks hold domestic and foreign currency assets? In Asset management at central banks and monetary authorities: New practices in managing international foreign exchange reserves (pp. 113–130).
Al-Khālidī, F. K. Ḥ. (2023, September). From Taghrīr to Trust: A Comparative Study of Misrepresentation Challenges in Online Sales Contracts Within Islamic Law and the Jordanian Legal Framework. In Global Islamic Marketing Conference (pp. 297-322). Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore.
Al-Khayyal, A., Alshurideh, M., Al Kurdi, B., & Aburayya, A. (2020). The impact of electronic service quality dimensions on customers’e-shopping and e-loyalty via the impact of e-satisfaction and e-trust: A qualitative approach. International Journal of Innovation, Creativity and Change, 14(9), 257-281.
Almanasra, M., Al-Billeh, T., Alkhseilat, A., & Alwerikat, N. (2022). The consumer’s right to retract from the electronic contract. Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University, 57(6).
Aloun, D. M. Conflict of Jordanian Laws in the Field of E-Commerces. Journal of the Learning Sciences, 32(2), 2024.
Al-Sharieh, S. (2021). The regulatory approach to copyright contracts revisited: a perspective from the UAE. Journal Of Intellectual Property Law and Practice, 16(10), 1144-1153.
Atiyah, R. A., Hamied, Z. H., & AL-Jelawi, H. A. (2021). Formality in Electronic Contracts. Social Science and Humanities Journal (SSHJ), 2338-2349.
Atiyah, R. A., Hamied, Z. H., & AL-Jelawi, H. A. (2021). Formality in Electronic Contracts. Social Science and Humanities Journal (SSHJ), 2338-2349.
Al-Desouki Abu Al-Lail, I. (2003). Legal aspects of electronic transactions. Scientific Publishing Council, Kuwait University.
Al-Roumi, M. A. (2004). Electronic contracting via the Internet (1st ed.). University Press House.
Al-Halalama, N. M. (2012). E-commerce in law. Dar Al-Thaqafa for Publishing and Distribution.
Barham, N. S. (2009). Provisions of electronic commerce contracts (1st ed.). Dar Al-Thaqafa for Publishing and Distribution.
Barnett, R. E., & Oman, N. B. (2021). Contracts: Cases and doctrine. Aspen Publishing.
Becher, S. I., & Benoliel, U. (2023). Hidden contracts. BYU Law Review, 49, 307
Belwal, R., Al Shibli, R., & Belwal, S. (2021). Consumer protection and electronic commerce in the Sultanate of Oman. Journal of Information, Communication and Ethics in Society, 19(1), 38-60.
Bhanu, A., & Saini, N. (2020). Operational aspects of EContracts: A critical Study. International Journal of Management, 11(10), 1097-1110.
Burri, M. (2021). A WTO agreement on electronic commerce: An inquiry into its legal substance and viability. Georgetown Journal of International Law, 53, 565.
Burri, M. (2021). Towards a new treaty on digital trade. Journal of World Trade, 55(1).
Chahande, J. (2020). An analytical study on e-contract: Its legal validity and jurisdiction. International Journal of Law Management & Humanities, 3(6), 1
Chakraborty, A., Shankar, R., & Marsden, J. R. (2022). An empirical analysis of consumer-unfriendly E-commerce terms of service agreements: Implications for customer satisfaction and business survival. Electronic Commerce Research and Applications, 53, 101151.
Chan, F. K., Thong, J. Y., Brown, S. A., & Venkatesh, V. (2021). Service design and citizen satisfaction with e‐government services: a multidimensional perspective. Public Administration Review, 81(5), 874-894.
Chanjotra, V. (2021). Contracting under electronic media. Jus Corpus Law Journal, 2, 195.
Chatfield, S. L. (2020). Recommendations for secondary analysis of qualitative data. The Qualitative Report, 25(3), 833-842.
Cheong, H. I., Lyons, A., Houghton, R., & Majumdar, A. (2023). Secondary qualitative research methodology using online data within the context of social sciences. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 22, 16094069231180160.
Colin, C., & Martin, A. (2023). The user experience of low-techs: from user problems to design principles. Journal of User Experience, 18(2), 68-85.
Corti, L. (2022). Secondary qualitative data analysis. In The SAGE handbook of qualitative research design (pp. 535–554). Sage.
Dakhakhni, H. M. S., Nejiba, N., & ABED, E. A. (2024). Buyer Protection Guarantees In The Electronic Contract Formation Stage. Webology, 21(2).
Das, M., Luo, H., & Cheng, J. C. (2020). Securing interim payments in construction projects through a blockchain-based framework. Automation in construction, 118, 103284.
Dayma, D. (2022). Cyber crime, regulation and security: Contemporary issues and challenges. Law Centre, Faculty of Law, University of Delhi, 91.
Deloitte. (2024). Building consumer trust. https://www2.deloitte.com/content/dam/insights/us/articles/consumer-data-privacy-strategies/DUP_970-Building-consumer-trust_MASTER.pdf
Dover, P. M. (2021). The information revolution in early modern Europe (Vol. 62). Cambridge University Press.
Ducato, R. (2020). Data protection, scientific research, and the role of information. Computer Law & Security Review, 37, 105412.
Elfakharani, A. (2022). Evaluation and comparison of the electronic contract in the context of legislations in Egypt and Saudi Arabia: An explanatory study. Law and Humanities Quarterly Reviews, 1(2).
Emerson, R. W. (2023). Electronic assent: Assuring the review and comprehension of contract terms in franchising. University of Pennsylvania Journal of Business Law, 26, 350.
Ergle, R. (2023). Enabling the eCMR signing process by implementing e-signature software for Vervo (Bachelor’s thesis, University of Twente).
Flick, U. (2022). The SAGE handbook of qualitative research design. Sage.
Federal Trade Commission. (1998). Privacy online: A report to Congress. https://www.ftc.gov/sites/default/files/documents/reports/privacy-online-report-congress/priv-23a.pdf
Ghimire, B. (2023). Identifying end-user challenges and mitigation strategies in software ecosystems: A large-scale empirical study on user feedback (Doctoral dissertation).
Goel, S. (n.d.). Enforceability of e-contracts in India.
Gordon, R. D. (2024). Volume 26 winter 2024 number 2. Journal of Business Law, 26(2).
Gray, C. M., Santos, C., Bielova, N., Toth, M., & Clifford, D. (2021, May). Dark patterns and the legal requirements of consent banners: An interaction criticism perspective. In Proceedings of the 2021 CHI conference on human factors in computing systems (pp. 1-18).
Gupta, S., & Baweja, K. (n.d.). Validity of e-contracts in India: A new mode of contracting.
Gurgun, A. P., & Koc, K. (2022). Administrative risks challenging the adoption of smart contracts in construction projects. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 29(2), 989-1015.
Hammouri, Q., Altaher, A. M., Rabaa’i, A., Khataybeh, H., & Al-Gasawneh, J. (2022). Influence of psychological contract fulfillment on job outcomes: A case of the academic sphere in Jordan. Problems and Perspectives in Management, 20(3), 62.
Henchour, M. (2017). The legal system for electronic commerce in Algerian legislation (p. 132).
Ibaa, A. (2021). The practice of the media in the light of the media legislation in Sudan. Серия Журналистики, 60(2), 26-35.
Ishchuk, A. (2022). Electronic international contracts in the law of foreign countries. University Scientific Notes, (5–6(89–90)), 57–70.
Junjie, M., & Yingxin, M. (2022). The Discussions of Positivism and Interpretivism. Online Submission, 4(1), 10-14.
Ibrahim, K. M. (2011). Concluding an electronic contract. Dar Al-Fikr University.
Khalifa, M. S. (2002). Privacy of contracting online. Dar Al Nahda Al Arabiya.
Kiger, M. E., & Varpio, L. (2020). Thematic analysis of qualitative data: AMEE Guide No. 131. Medical Teacher, 42(8), 846–854.
Kinsara, O. (2022). Revising the Saudi Electronic Transactions Law on e-signatures. Digital Evidence & Electronic Signature Law Review, 19, 1.
Klass, G. (2023). How to interpret a vending machine: Smart contracts and contract law. Georgetown Law Technology Review, 7, 69.
Knapp, C. L., Crystal, N. M., Prince, H. G., Hart, D. K., & Silverstein, J. M. (2023). Problems in contract law: Cases and materials. Aspen Publishing.
Kordit, J. M. (2022). The impact of electronic banking on performance of commercial banks in Juba, South Sudan (Doctoral dissertation, University of Nairobi).
Lexology. (2022). Key legal aspects of e-commerce in KSA. https://www.lexology.com/library/detail.aspx?g=ada804e1-8cb5-41e2-90ce-13f5780d37be
Lips, S., Vinogradova, N., Krimmer, R., & Draheim, D. (2022, June). Re-shaping the EU digital identity framework. In DG.O 2022: The 23rd Annual International Conference on Digital Government Research (pp. 13–21).
Majumdar, A. (2022). Thematic analysis in qualitative research. In Research anthology on innovative research methodologies and utilization across multiple disciplines (pp. 604-622). IGI Global.
Mokheir, B. (2024). Peculiarities of Expressing Will in Electronic Contracts (An Analytical Study in Light of the Provisions of Law no. 18-05 Regarding Electronic Commerce). Kurdish Studies, 12(2), 6690-6705.
Montrief, T., Haas, M. R., Alvarez, A. A., Gottlieb, M., Siegal, D., & Chan, T. (2021). Thinking outside the inbox: Use of Slack in clinical groups as a collaborative team communication platform.
Mansour, M. H. (2006). Electronic liability.
Mujahid, O. A. H. (2000). Privacy of online contracting (Vol. 1). Dar Al Nahda Al Arabiya.
No, C. O. U. R. S. E. (2022). School of Law.
Oana, I. E., Schneider, C. Q., & Thomann, E. (2021). Qualitative comparative analysis using R: A beginner’s guide. Cambridge University Press.
Onakoya, O. O. (2021). E-contracts in Nigeria: Legal issues, challenges, and prospects.
Pontikidou, V. M. (2024). GDPR considerations in e-contracts.
PWC. (2022). Consumers respond to waves of disruption. https://www.pwc.com/hu/hu/kiadvanyok/assets/pdf/gcis-report-june-2022.pdf
Qashqoush, H. H. (2000). Criminal protection for online e-commerce. Dar Al Nahda Al Arabiya.
Randjelovic, D., & Shabani, F. (2021). Electronic signature: Legal and practice review of the Republic of Serbia. International Journal of Legal Sciences, 9(15–16), 19–29.
Rane, N. (2023). Enhancing customer loyalty through artificial intelligence (AI), Internet of Things (IoT), and big data technologies: Improving customer satisfaction, engagement, relationship, and experience. Internet of Things (IoT) and Big Data Technologies: Improving Customer Satisfaction, Engagement, Relationship, and Experience.
Rath, S. S., & MP, P. J. (2024). Enhancing data security in SAP-enabled healthcare systems with cryptography and digital signatures using blockchain technology. International Journal of Systematic Innovation, 8(1), 36-47.
Raysman, R., & Brown, P. (2024). Computer Law: Drafting and Negotiating Forms and Agreements, With Forms on Disk. Law Journal Press.
Saini, N., & Bhanu, D. A. P. (2020). Operational aspects of e-contracts: a critical study. International Journal of Management, 11(5).
Saini, N., & Bhanu, D. A. P. (2020). Operational aspects of e-contracts: a critical study. International Journal of Management, 11(5).
Santoso, E. (2022). Opportunities and challenges: e-commerce in Indonesia from a legal perspective. Jurnal Penelitian Hukum De Jure, 22(3), 395-410.
Shahbaz, H., Li, Y., & Li, W. (2020). Psychological contract-based consumer repurchase behavior on social commerce platform: An empirical study. KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS), 14(5), 2061-2083.
Sibeoni, J., Verneuil, L., Manolios, E., & Révah-Levy, A. (2020). A specific method for qualitative medical research: the IPSE (Inductive Process to analyze the Structure of lived Experience) approach. BMC Medical Research Methodology, 20, 1-21.
Simon, P. (2023). The nine: The tectonic forces reshaping the workplace. Racket Publishing.
Singh, C. (2024). A” sign” of the times: a brief consideration of the validity of e-signatures in agreements and affidavits in South African law. Obiter, 45(1), 38-64.
Sironi, P. (2021). Banks and fintech on platform economies: contextual and conscious banking. John Wiley & Sons.
Soni, M. (2023, August 2). Legal issues and jurisdiction involved in e-contracts: An analysis. SSRN. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4528990
Statista. (2024). Retail e-commerce sales worldwide from 2014 to 2027. https://www.statista.com/statistics/379046/worldwide-retail-e-commerce-sales/.
Tempest, A. (2020, June). The digital economy and e-commerce in Africa: Drivers of the African Free Trade Area. African Perspectives Global Insights.
Terry, G., & Hayfield, N. (2020). Reflexive thematic analysis. In Handbook of qualitative research in education (pp. 430-441). Edward Elgar Publishing.
Thakkar, M. K. (2022). An analytical study of e-contracts: With special reference to e-commerce. Indian Journal of Law & Legal Research, 4(3), 1.
Tharani, S. (2021). A critical study on various aspects of e-contracts in India. Indian Journal of Law & Legal Research, 3, 1.
Thomann, E., & Ege, J. (2020). Qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) in public administration. In Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Politics.
Tian, Z., Zhong, R. Y., Vatankhah Barenji, A., Wang, Y. T., Li, Z., & Rong, Y. (2021). A blockchain-based evaluation approach for customer delivery satisfaction in sustainable urban logistics. International Journal of Production Research, 59(7), 2229-2249.
Torbert, P. M. (2021). “ Because It is Wrong”: An Essay on the Immorality and Illegality of the Online Service Contracts of Google and Facebook. Journal of Law, Technology, & the Internet, 12(1), 2.
Toubat, H. S., Halim, R., & Magableh, N. (2020). The Impact of Technological Development on Legal Rules: A Case Study of Jordan. Journal of Critical Reviews, 7(8), 1574-1579.
Treiblmaier, H., & Sillaber, C. (2021). The impact of blockchain on e-commerce: a framework for salient research topics. Electronic Commerce Research and Applications, 48, 101054.
Trilla). Internationalisation strategies of tech startups: a perspective from Barcelona.
Tsarou, M. (2021). Allocation of effectual decision-making in born globals: the case of Pandadoc (Doctoral dissertation, Kauno technologijos universitetas).
Vears, D. F., & Gillam, L. (2022). Inductive content analysis: A guide for beginning qualitative researchers. Focus on Health Professional Education: A Multi-Professional Journal, 23(1), 111-127.
Vulkan, N. (2020). The economics of e-commerce: A strategic guide to understanding and designing the online marketplace.
Vogels, E. A., & Anderson, M. (2019). Americans and digital knowledge in 2019. Pew Research Center. https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/2019/10/09/americans-and-digital-knowledge/
Wahdan, R. M. (2008). The legal system of electronic contracts, and responsibility for electronic contracts. Dar Al-Fikr and Law for Publishing and Distribution.
Warsyidah, A. A., & Hasin, A. (2021). The Effect of Experimental Methods with an Inductive Approach on the Students’ Physics Scientific Performance. Jurnal Pendidikan Fisika, 9(1), 25-34.
Wetzelsberger, M. (2023). Equity research: The digital revolution in real estate: Evaluating Zillow Group’s equity performance at the crossroads of fintech and e-commerce.
Zhang, Q., Gao, J., Qin, Q., Wang, C., & Yin, K. (2020). FutureOTC: An intelligent decentralized OTC option trading and e-contract signing system. In Blockchain Technology and Application: Second CCF China Blockchain Conference, CBCC 2019, Chengdu, China, October 11–13, 2019, Revised Selected Papers 2 (pp. 17–30). Springer Singapore.
Zhao, H., Zhu, Z., Pan, C., Yao, Z., Zhu, W., & Si, X. (2021). A new electronic contract system model based on blockchain. In Blockchain and Trustworthy Systems: Third International Conference, BlockSys 2021, Guangzhou, China, August 5–6, 2021, Revised Selected Papers 3 (pp. 407–417). Springer Singapore.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Mohammad Abdel Khalek Al Zoubi, Mohammad Oqlah Ali Alali
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
