Descriptive Statistics of Selected Heavy Metal in Dust Particles from Three Sampling Sites Within Ibadan Metropolis, Southwestern Nigeria
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54536/ajec.v5i3.7879Keywords:
Ibadan Metropolis, Mechanic Workshops, Motor Parks, Roundabouts / Highways, Street DustsAbstract
This study investigates the concentration and distribution of heavy metals in dust particles from three sampling sites within Ibadan Metropolis. A total of 20 dust samples were collected from three distinct areas: Mechanic workshops (MWK), Motor parks (MPK), and Roundabouts/highways (RHW). The samples were prepared and processed at the geochemistry laboratory of the Polytechnic Ibadan. The process samples were analysed using Induced Couple Plasma- Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES) at PAM BEE Analytical Laboratory Ibadan. The heavy metals analyzed include Cr, Zn, Fe, Pb, Cu, and Ni. The results indicated a wide range of heavy metal concentrations across the sampled locations. Cr ranged from 8.67 - 60.52mg/kg with a mean of 23.56 mg/kg, Zn from 64.15 - 534.22 mg/kg with a mean of 244.28 mg/kg, Fe from 319.62 - 3945.51 mg/kg with a mean of 3766.6 mg/kg, Pb from 13.715 - 368.19 mg/kg with a mean of 67.13 mg/kg, Cu from 13.72 - 61. Mg/kg with a mean of 30.79 mg/kg, and Ni fro20.81-33.18 mg/kg with a mean of 19.03 mg/kg. The results demonstrated that Pb was the dominant contaminant, reaching levels of considerable contamination (CF ≈ 3.35; Igeo ≈ 1.3), followed by moderate enrichment of Zn and Cr. Ni, Cu, and Fe remained within the low contamination range, suggesting primarily natural inputs with minimal anthropogenic influence. The overall PLI value (<1) indicates that, on average, the study area is not heavily polluted. However, localized hotspots, particularly around mechanic workshops and motor parks, present elevated risks. The contamination pattern followed the order: Pb > Zn > Cr > Ni > Cu > Fe, with Pb clearly emerging as the most concerning pollutant due to its toxicity and persistence. The findings underscore the need for continuous monitoring of heavy metals in urban dust, particularly Pb, which remains a significant environmental hazard. Although the overall pollution load index suggests acceptable site quality, the considerable contamination of Pb points to localized anthropogenic sources that should be addressed through stricter environmental management and control measures.
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