Beyond Crop Raids: Socio-Ecological Resilience and Hidden Costs of Human-Monkey Conflict In Vervets around Mount Galim-Tignère, Cameroon

Authors

  • Ngnaniyyi Abdoul Applied Biology and Ecology Research Unit (URBEA), Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P. O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3897-3057
  • Penanjo Stéphanie Laboratory of Botany and Plant Ecology (LBE), Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé 1, P. O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon
  • Mohamadou Dalailou Housseini Higher Institute of Agriculture, Forestry, Water and Environment (ISABEE), University of Ebolowa, P.O. Box 118, Ebolowa, Cameroon
  • Tagne Takoutchouang Rick Research Unit of the Scientific and Educational Centre in Specialized Informatics, Department of Electronic Computer Engineering, Faculty of Computer Technology, Ryazan State Radioengineering University, Gagarina St. 59/1, Ryazan, 391000, Russia https://orcid.org/0009-0006-1744-5614
  • Seino Richard Akwanjoh School of Health and Medical Sciences, Catholic University of Cameroon (CATUC) Bamenda, P.O. Box 762, Bamenda, Northwest Region, Cameroon

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.54536/jwc.v2i1.6251

Keywords:

Chlorocebus Pygerythrus, Crop Raids, Diversification Of Livelihoods, Human-Wildlife Conflict

Abstract

Around Mount Galim in Cameroon and in 113 households, this study on human-vervet monkey (Chlorocebus pygerythrus) conflict investigated methods of protection against raids as well farmers’ perceptions and food security. The results reveal, first, that raids caused 88, 261 USD in annual losses, or an average of 39.0% of agricultural products looted by monkeys in each of five villages concerned. Among the six protection methods, five crackers were the most popular, with 1.58 firecrackers/household/24 h used, even though this strategy is perceived as moderately ineffective and costly (122, 90/year/h/week). Secondly, farmers ‘perceptions were dichotomous, with 42.5% negative and 42.5% positive responses, showing no correlation with the duration of the conflict. Thirdly, no households are exposed to food insecurity despite significant agricultural losses. In reality, 49.8% and 58.2% of households derive their livelihood from livestock farming and trade respectively, with agriculture as means of subsistence accounting for only 49.8% of households, which probably explains the surprising socio-ecological resilience observed. The diversity of livelihoods has had a cushioning effect inhibiting the direct collapse of the local food system. In order to ensure sustainable coexistence, an integrated management frank calls for strengthening livelihood diversification, implementing alternative technics to mitigate raids, and, above all, prioritizing early warning systems. 

Author Biographies

  • Ngnaniyyi Abdoul, Applied Biology and Ecology Research Unit (URBEA), Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P. O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon

    Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science University of Dschang P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon, Dr.

  • Penanjo Stéphanie, Laboratory of Botany and Plant Ecology (LBE), Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé 1, P. O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon

    Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé 1, P.O. Box 812 Yaoundé, Cameroon, 

    Dr. 

  • Mohamadou Dalailou Housseini, Higher Institute of Agriculture, Forestry, Water and Environment (ISABEE), University of Ebolowa, P.O. Box 118, Ebolowa, Cameroon

    University of Ebolowa, P.O. Box 118, Ebolowa, Cameroon

    Msci.

  • Tagne Takoutchouang Rick, Research Unit of the Scientific and Educational Centre in Specialized Informatics, Department of Electronic Computer Engineering, Faculty of Computer Technology, Ryazan State Radioengineering University, Gagarina St. 59/1, Ryazan, 391000, Russia

     Department of Electronic Computer Engineering, Faculty of Computer Technology, Ryazan State Radioengineering University, Gagarina St. 59/1, Ryazan, 391000, Russia

    Msci. 

  • Seino Richard Akwanjoh, School of Health and Medical Sciences, Catholic University of Cameroon (CATUC) Bamenda, P.O. Box 762, Bamenda, Northwest Region, Cameroon

    Bamenda, P.O. Box 762, Bamenda, Northwest Region, Cameroon

    Professor 

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Published

2026-01-19

Issue

Vol. 2 No. 1 (2026): Journal of Wildlife and Conservation

Section

Research Articles

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Copyright (c) 2026 Ngnaniyyi Abdoul, Penanjo Stéphanie, Mohamadou Dalailou Housseini, Tagne Takoutchouang Rick, Seino Richard Akwanjoh

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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

How to Cite

Ngnaniyyi , A., Stéphanie, P. ., Housseini, M. D. ., Rick, T. T. ., & Akwanjoh, S. R. . (2026). Beyond Crop Raids: Socio-Ecological Resilience and Hidden Costs of Human-Monkey Conflict In Vervets around Mount Galim-Tignère, Cameroon. Journal of Wildlife and Conservation, 2(1), 10-19. https://doi.org/10.54536/jwc.v2i1.6251