Cultivation of Cassava (Manihot Esculentus C.) With Selected Legumes for Growth, Yield and Economic Advantages as Climate Change Mitigations
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54536/ijsa.v1i1.1682Keywords:
Cassava, Growth, Yield, Land Equivalent Ratio,, LegumeAbstract
Cassava (Manihot esculentus Crantz.) is a monoecious perennial shrub that is extensively cultivated as an annual crop in tropical and subtr++=opical regions for its edible, starchy, tuberous roots. It is ideal for intercropping with short-duration crops, which are often harvested before the cassava canopy closes. Thus, intercropping cassava, especially with legumes, is an important way for poor farmers to provide additional crop yield during the early growth stage. Moreover, the incorporation of legumes into cassava-based cropping systems may offer one of the most feasible ways of enhancing protein intake and nutritional security of farming households. Accordingly, a 1-year field study on cassava intercropped with three legumes (haricot bean, mung bean, and soybean) in southern Ethiopia was conducted to determine the effect of intercropping on the growth, yield, and economic advantage of the cassava. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The results revealed that there were significant (P<0.05) differences for cassava plant height, leaf number, stem width, number of storage roots per plant, storage root weight, dry matter, and root yield due to cassava legume intercropping. Cassava- haricot bean intercropping increased root yield by 28% as compared to cassava-mung bean (21%), and cassava-soybean (18 %), respectively. And it can improve land-use efficiency by 31% as compared to cassava-soybean and cassava-mung bean intercropping. The partial budget analysis also revealed that cassava planted with haricot bean gave the highest economic benefit of 199,250 Birr ha-1. Further researches on relative planting time of legumes with cassava and soil fertility variation under sole cassava and intercropping systems are important for improving productivity of growers under the study area.
References
Aye, T. M., & Howeler, R. (2012). Cassava agronomy: Intercropping systems. The Cassava Hand book, 613.
Benti, G., Degafa, G., Jafar, M., & Birhanu, H. (2020). Effect of Cassava Intercropping with Legume Crops Followed by Sorghum on Growth , Yield and Yield Parameters of Cassava-Based Double Cropping System. 8(2), 37–42. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.plant.20200802.13
Bantie Y.B. (2015). Determination of Effective Spatial Arrangement for Intercropping of Maize and Potato Using Competition Indices Ethiopia. J Horticulture, 2(2), 137.
Bernardo O, Hernan C (2012). Cassava in the third millennium: Modern production, processing, use and Marketing Systems. CIAT publication No. 377:574, CIAT, Colombia.
Cardoso EJBN, MA Nogueira and SMG Ferraz. (2007). Biological N2 fixation and mineral N in common bean–maize intercropping or sole cropping in southeastern Brazil. Exp. Agric. 43, 319–330
Cottenie A (1980). Soil and plant testing as a basis of fertilizer recommendations. FAO Soil Bulletin 38/2. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy.
Dasbak M, Asiegbu JE (2009). Performance of pigeonpea genotypes intercropped with maize under humid tropical ultisol conditions., J. Animal Plant Sci. 4(2), 329-340
De Wit, C.T. (1960). On competition. Versl. Landbouwk, Onderzoek 66(8), 1-82.
Ennin, S. A., Clegg, M. D., & Francis, C. A. (2002). Resource utilization in soybean/maize intercrops. African Crop Science Journal, 10(3), 251-261.
Eyasu E (1997). Soil fertility management and nutrient balance in Kindo koyisha farms: A case study in North Omo, Southern Ethiopia, Alemayehu K. & Jan S. (Eds) FRP technical pamphlet No. 15. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) STAT, (2013). Statistical data base of the food and agricultural organization of the United Nations accessed from http://faostat.org on August 10, 2015.
Food and Agriculture organization of the United Nations (FAO), (2016). The world Economy of cassava: Facts, Trends and outlook. Rome, Italy 59.
Fan. (2016). Effects of intercropping of maize and potato on sloping land on the water balance and surface runoff. Agric. Water Manage. 166, 9–16.
Feyisa, A. S. (2021). Current Status, Opportunities and Constraints of Cassava Production in Ethiopia- A Review. J Agri Sci Food Res, 11, 051.
Gerh SR, Lot FM, Aarh TT (2006). The effects of different plant residues on chemical and biological properties of an alfisol. Soil Sci. Res. 6(4), 501-506.
Gebisa Benti, Gezu Degafa, Mohammed Jafar, Habte Birhanu. (2020). Effect of Cassava Intercropping with Legume Crops Followed by Sorghum on Growth, Yield and Yield Parameters of Cassava-Based Double Cropping System. Plant., 8(2), 37-42.
Hidoto L, & Loha G. (2013). Identification of suitable legumes in cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz)-Legumes intercropping. Afr J Agric Res, 8(21), 2559-2562
Ibeawuchi, I.I., Ofoh, M.C., Nwufo, M.I. & Obiefuna, J.C. (2007). Effects of landrace legumes-velvet bean, lima bean and African yam bean-on the performance of yam, cassava based crop mixtures. Journal of Plant Science, 2(4), 374-386.
Islami T, Guritno B, Utomo WH. (2011). Performance cassava (Manihott esculenta Crantz) based cropping systems and associated soil quality changes in the degraded tropical uplands of East Java, Indonesia. J Trop Agric, 49(1-2), 31-39
Jones, M. T., & Issaka, R. N. (2017). Effects of fertilizer and cassava-legume cropping systems on root yields in two agro-ecological zones of Ghana. African Journal of Plant Science, 11(10), 377-384.
Keesstra. (2018).The superior effect of nature based solutions in land management for enhancing ecosystem services. Sci. Total Environ. 610, 997–1009
Kingsley J. & Emmanuel O. (2021). Relative time of planting of legumes (cowpea, soybean and groundnut) on weed suppression and yield in cassava cropping system. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 17(1), 189-197
Legese H, & Gobeze L. (2013). Identification of suitable legumes in cassava -Legumes intercropping. African Journal of Agricultural Research. 8(21), 2559-2562.
Li, L., Yang, S. C., Li, X. L., Zhang, F. S. and Christie, P. (1999). Interspecific complementary and competitive interactions between intercropped maize and faba bean. Plant Soil, 212, 105–114.
Lithourgidis, A. S., Dordas, C. A., Damalas, C. A. & Vlachostergios, D. N. (2011).Annual intercrops: An alternative pathway for sustainable agriculture. Aust. J. Crop Sci. 5, 396–410.
Mao, L. L. (2012). Yield advantage and water saving in maize/pea intercrop. Field Crops Res., 138, 11–20.
Mc Gillchrist, I. A. 1965. Analysis of competition experiments. Biometrics, 21, 975-985.
Ministry of Agriculture, (2013). Plant variety release, protection and seed quality control directorate, Crop variety register, 16, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Makinde, E. A., Saka, J. O., Makinde, J. O., (2007). Economic evaluation of soil fertility management options on cassava-based cropping systems in the rain forest ecological zone of South Western Nigeria. Afr. J. Agric. Res. 2, 7–13
Marcus T. & Roland I., (2017). Effects of fertilizer and cassava-legume cropping systems on root yields in two agro-ecological zones of Ghana. African Journal of Plant Science., 11(10), 377-384
Muoneke and Mbah (2007). Productivity of cassava/okra intercropping systems as influenced by okra planting density. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 2(5), 223-231
Mason, S. C., Leihner, D. E., & Vorst, J. J. (1986). Cassava Cowpea and CassavaPeanut Intercropping. I. Yield and Land Use Efficiency]. Agronomy journal, 78(1), 43-46.
Murphy H. F (1968). A report on fertility status and other data on some soils of Ethiopia. College of Agriculture HSIU, Experimental Station Bulletin No. 44, Alemaya, Ethiopia. 551.
Nan D, Ming-Ming T, Wei-Ping Z, Xing-Guo B, Yu W, Peter C & Long L (2018). Temporal Differentiation of Crop Growth as One of the Drivers of Intercropping Yield Advantage
Njoku, D. N., & Muoneke, C. O. (2008). Effect of cowpea planting density on growth, yield and productivity of component crops in cowpea/cassava intercropping system. Agro-Science, 7(2), 106-113.
Olasantan, F. O., Salau, A. W., & Onuh, E. E. (2007). Influence of cassava (Manihot esculenta) intercrop on growth and fruit yields of pepper (Capsicum spp.) in south-western Nigeria. Experimental Agriculture, 43(1), 79-95.
Ogola, J. B. O., Mathews, C., & Magongwa, S. M. (2013). The productivity of cassava-legume intercropping system in a dry environment in Nelspruit, South Africa. In African Crop Science Conference Proceedings, 11, 61-65)
Olasantan, F. O. (1988). The effects of soil temperature and moisture content on crop growth and yield of intercropped maize with melon. Experimental Agriculture, 24, 67-74
Olsen, K.M. & Schaal, B.A. (1999). Evidence on the origin of cassava: phylo geography of Manihot esculenta. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA, 96, 5586-5591.
Olasantan, Ezumah B. (1996). Effects of intercropping with maize on the micro-environment, growth and yield of cassava. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment , 57(1996), 149- 158
Partha Choudhuri (2016). Intercropping in cabbage (Brassica Oleracea L.var. capitata f.) for growth, yield, quality and sustainable soil health under foothills of Eastern Himalayan region. Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 8(4), 1740-1747
Premanandh, J., (2011). Factors affecting food security and contribution of modern technologies in food sustainability. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 91(15), 2707-2714
Polthanee, A., & Kotchasatit, A. (1999). Growth, yield and nutrient content of cassava and mungbean grown under intercropping. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences (Pakistan).
Pypers, P., Sanginga, J-M. & Kaereka, B. (2011). Increased productivity through integrated soil fertility management in cassava-legume intercropping systems in the highlands of Sud-Kivu, DR Congo. Field Crops Research, 120, 76-85.
Qin, A. Z., Huang, G. B., Chai, Q., Yu, A. Z. & Huang, P. (2013).Grain yield and soil respiratory response to intercropping systems on arid land. Field Crops Res. , 144, 1–10.
Reinhardt Howeler, (2017). cassava agronomy :intercropping system.
Ren, Y. Y., Liu, J. J., Wang, Z. L. & Zhang, S. Q. (2016). Planting density and sowing proportions of maize/soybean intercrops affected competitive interactions and water-use efficiencies on the Loess Plateau, China. Eur. J. Agron., 72, 70–79.
Sharma, N. K. (2017). Increasing farmer’s income and reducing soil erosion using intercropping in rain fed maize-wheat rotation of Himalaya, India. Agr Ecosyst Environ, 247, 43–53.
Sibomana, R., Kaboneka, S., Bakundukize, N., Niyonkuru, D., Buzoya, E., Bukobero, L., & Hariyongabo, H. (2020). Biological, Nutritional and Economic Benefits of Cassava-Maize-Bean Intercropping in Kirimiro and Mumirwa Agro-ecological zones, Burundi.
Silva, D. V., Ferreira, E. A., Oliveira, M. C., Pereira, G. A. M., Braga, R. R., dos Santos, J. B., Aspiazu, I., & Souza, M. F. (2016). La productividad de los cultivos de yuca en un sistema de cultivo intercalado. Ciencia e Investigacion Agraria, 43(1), 159–166.
Taah, K. J., & Adu, E. O. (2021). Relative time of planting of legumes (cowpea, soybean and groundnut) on weed suppression and yield in cassava cropping system. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 17(1), 189-197.
Tesfaye T, Getahun D, Ermias S, Shiferaw M, Temesgene A, Birhanu Y. (2013). Current status, Potentials and challenges of Cassava production, processing, marketing and utilization: Evidence from Southern Ethiopia. Greener J. Agric. Sci., 3(4), 262-270.
Tekalign T (1991). Soil, plant, water, fertilizer, animal manure and compost analysis. Working Document No. 13. International Livestock Research Center for Africa, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Thresh JM (2006) Control of tropical plant virus diseases. Adv Virus Res, 67, 245–295.
Tobodawolo Jones and Roland Nuhu Issaka (2017). Effects of fertilizer and cassava-legume cropping systems on root yields in two agro-ecological zones of Ghana Marcus. African Journal of Plant Science, 11(10), 377
Tobodawolo Jones and Roland Nuhu Issaka (2017). Effects of fertilizer and cassava-legume cropping systems on root yields in two agro-ecological zones of Ghana Marcus. African Journal of Plant Science., 11(10), 377
Tsay, J. S., Fukai, S., & Wilson, G. L. (1989). Growth and yield of cassava as influenced by intercropped soybean and by nitrogen application. Field Crops Research, 21(2), 83-94.
Umeh, C. C. Onyeonag and B. U. Umeh.(2015). Potassium Nutrition and Translocation in Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) Intercropped with Soybean. American Journal of Experimental Agriculture , 5(4), 281-286.
Walelign Worku. (2008). Evaluation of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) genotypes of diverse growth habit under sole and intercropping with maize (Zea mays L.) in Southern Ethiopia. J. Agron. 7(4), 306-313
Widiastuti, E., Erawati, B. T. R., Hipi, A., & Zulhaedar, F. (2021). Applying organic fertilizer in cassava (Manihot esculenta)–mungbean (Vigna radiata) intercropped to improve dry land productivity. In E3S Web of Conferences, 306, 04017. EDP Sciences.
Willey, R.W. (1979.) Intercropping – its importance and its research needs. I. Competition and yield advantages. Field Crop Abstracts, 32, 1–10
Willey, R.W. & Rao, M.R. (1980). A competitive ratio for quantifying competition between intercrops. Experimental Agriculture, 16, 117–125.
Willey, R. W. (990). Resource use in intercropping systems. Agric. Water Manage., 17, 215–23.
Yewande A. Adekunle, Victor I. Olowe, Faucett O. Olasantan, Kehinde A. Okeleye, Phillip O. Adetiloye1 & Joy N. Odedina. (2014). Mixture productivity of cassava-based cropping system and food security under humid tropical conditions. ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Zhang, L., Van der Werf, W., Zhang, S., Li, B. & Spiertz, J. H. J. (2008). Temperature- mediated developmental delay may limit yield of cotton in relay intercrops with wheat. Field Crops Res., 106, 258–268.
Zhang, W. P. (2017).Temporal dynamics of nutrient uptake by neighboring plant species: evidence from intercropping. Funct. Ecol., 31, 469–479.
Zhu, J., van der Werf, W., Anten, N. P., Vos, J. & Evers, J. B. (2015).The contribution of phenotypic plasticity to complementary light capture in plant mixtures. New Phytol., 207, 1213–1222.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Kamelo Kando, Biniam Bitane
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
