Investigating the Use of Post-Consumer LDPE Waste and Stone Dust in Sustainable Concrete Composites
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54536/ari.v1i1.1551Keywords:
Low Density Poly-Ethylene, Stone Dust, Composite Concrete, Mechanical Properties, Physical PropertyAbstract
The construction industry is one of the largest producers of greenhouse gases and waste materials. One potential solution to reduce the environmental impact of construction is to use sustainable materials in the production of concrete. The effects of adding low-density polyethylene (LDPE) waste and stone dust on the mechanical properties of the 7-days cured composite materials adopting two independent categorical variables with five levels each, creating 25 groups were investigated. The dependent variables are compressive strength, tensile strength, flexural strength, and water absorption. The results show that increasing LDPE waste content and stone dust content improves the mechanical strength of the composite material but increases water absorption. The optimal combination of LDPE waste content and stone dust content is 30% LDPE waste and 40% stone dust, based on the highest values of compressive, tensile, and flexural strength and the lowest value of water absorption in the group. It also provides linear regression models and correlation analysis to determine the relationships between LDPE waste content and each dependent variable. On this basis, it suggests that LDPE waste can improve the mechanical properties of the composite material and its water resistance, but the optimal amount of LDPE waste depends on the type of material and application. The study concludes that incorporating LDPE waste and stone dust into composite materials can be a sustainable solution for waste management and the production of low-cost, high-performance materials.
References
Ahn, B. J., Gaikwad, K. K. and Lee, Y. S. (2016). Characterization and properties of LDPE film with gallic-acid-based oxygen scavenging system useful as a functional packaging material, Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 133(43). https://doi.org/10.1002/app.44138.
Andrew, R.M. (2020). A comparison of estimates of global carbon dioxide emissions from fossil carbon sources. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2020-34.
Arsana, M. E., Suamir, I. N., Sudirman, Temaja, I. W., & Widiantara, I. B. (2021). Experimental investigation of making a composite material from plastic (LDPE) waste. Key Engineering Materials, 892, 59–66. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.892.59
ASTM C293/C293M-10 (2010). Standard Test Method for Flexural Strength of Concrete (Using Simple Beam with Center-Point Loading). ASTM international, West Conshohocken.
ASTM C39 (2005). Standard Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cylindrical Concrete Specimens. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, 4(1),21-27.
ASTM D570-98 (2018). Standard Test Method for Water Absorption of Plastics. ASTM International, West Conshohocken.
Aye, L. et al. (2012). Life cycle greenhouse gas emissions and energy analysis of prefabricated reusable building modules, Energy and Buildings, 47, 159–168. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2011.11.049.
Bassani, M. and Tefa, L. (2018). Compaction and freeze-thaw degradation assessment of recycled aggregates from unseparated construction and demolition waste, Construction and Building Materials, 160, 180–195. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.
Chandrasekhar Reddy, K. (2023). Effect of solid waste on concrete performance: Innovative use of recycled and secondary materials, Materials Today: Proceedings https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2023.03.152.
Charmkar, C. (2017). Compressive strength and workability of concrete using stone dust as partial replacement of sand and glass powder as cement, International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology, 5(8), 427–442. https://doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2017.8060.
Chinnu, S.N. et al. (2021). Recycling of industrial and agricultural wastes as alternative coarse aggregates: A step towards cleaner production of concrete, Construction and Building Materials, 287, 123056. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.123056.
Danwittayakul, S., Songngam, S., Fhulua, T., Muangkasem, P., Muensri, P., & Sukkasi, S. (2017). Material integrity of LDPE-based solar water disinfection reactors with improved usability. Desalination and water treatment, 66, 72–79. https://doi.org/10.5004/dwt.2017.20197
Dembla, A. and Mersmann, M. (2021). Data-driven thermal energy management including alternative fuels and raw materials use for sustainable cement manufacturing, Intelligent and Sustainable Cement Production, 141–197. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003106791-5.
Forsythe, P. and Ding, G. (2014). Greenhouse gas emissions from excavation on residential construction sites, Construction Economics and Building, 14(4), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.5130/ajceb.v14i4.4195.
Fuchs, A. et al. (2020). A new materials and design approach for roads, bridges, Pavement, and concrete.https://doi.org/10.31979/mti.2019.1858.
Gedik, A. (2021). An exploration into the utilization of recycled waste glass as a surrogate powder to crushed stone dust in asphalt pavement construction, Construction and Building Materials, 300, 123980. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.123980.
Goetzler, B., Guernsey, M. and Kassuga, T. (2019). Grid-interactive efficient buildings technical report series: Heating, Ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC); water heating; appliances; and Refrigeration. https://doi.org/10.2172/1580209.
Guo, Z. et al. (2023). Carbon emissions from buildings based on a life cycle analysis: Carbon reduction measures and effects of Green Building Standards in China, Low-carbon Materials and Green Construction, 1(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s44242-022-00008-w.
Hedjazi, S. (2020). Compressive strength of lightweight concrete. Compressive Strength of Concrete. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.88057
Heyer, K.-U. et al. (2005).Pollutant release and pollutant reduction – impact of the aeration of landfills,” Waste Management, 25(4), 353–359: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2005.02.007.
Inazumi, S., Wakatsuki, T., Kobayashi, M., & Kimura, M. (2010). Material properties of water-swelling material used as a water cutoff treatment material at waste landfill sites. Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management, 12(1), 50–56. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10163-009-0269-x
Kabir, S. (2012). Mitigation development for the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions by the cement industry: Agrowaste-based Green Building and construction materials, 2012 IEEE-IAS/PCA 54th Cement Industry Technical Conference. https://doi.org/10.1109/citcon.2012.6215693.
Lawrence, M. (2015). Reducing the environmental impact of construction by using renewable materials, Journal of Renewable Materials, 3(3), 163–174. https://doi.org/10.7569/jrm.2015.634105.
M.A., U. (2020). Tensile strength comparison of friction stirs welded magnesium alloys using ASTM / ASME Standards. Journal of Advanced Research in Dynamical and Control Systems, 12(7), 273–279. https://doi.org/10.5373/jardcs/v12i7/20202009
Mahapram, S. and Poompradub, S. (2011). Preparation of natural rubber (NR) latex/low density polyethylene (LDPE) blown film and its properties, Polymer Testing, 30(7), 716–725. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymertesting.2011.06.006.
Mangmeechai, A. (2021). The life-cycle assessment of greenhouse gas emissions and life-cycle costs of e-waste management in Thailand. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-960294/v1.
Miraldo, S. et al. (2021). Advantages and shortcomings of the utilization of recycled wastes as aggregates in structural concretes, Construction and Building Materials, 298, 123729. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.123729.
Nademo, Z.M., Shibeshi, N. T. and Gemeda, M. T. (2023). Isolation and screening of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) bags degrading bacteria from Addis Ababa Municipal Solid Waste Disposal Site ‘koshe. Annals of Microbiology, 73(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13213-023-01711-0.
Natural Resources Extraction: Stressors and Impact Management (2014). Sustainable Practices in Geoenvironmental Engineering, 164–201. https://doi.org/10.1201/b17443-9.
Neary, D., Hart, S. and Overby, S. (2002). Impacts of natural disturbance on soil carbon dynamics in forest ecosystems, The Potential of U.S. Forest Soils to Sequester Carbon and Mitigate the Greenhouse Effect. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781420032277.ch10.
Novarini et al. (2021). Waste-to-energy (WTE) method to mitigate harmful environmental and health consequences due to LDPE plastic waste, IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 810(1),012014. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/810/1/012014.
Recycling and the state and Federal Governments (2020). Waste Age/Recycling Times, 63–88. https://doi.org/10.1201/9780367811976-2.
Santos, J., Flintsch, G. and Ferreira, A. (2017). Environmental and economic assessment of Pavement Construction and management practices for enhancing pavement sustainability, Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 116, 15–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2016.08.025.
Siddique, S., Novak, A., Guliyev, E., Yates, K., Leung, P. S., & Njuguna, J. (2022). Oil-based mud waste as a filler material in LDPE composites: Evaluation of Mechanical Properties. Polymers, 14(7), 1455. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14071455
Singh, J. (2021). Enhancement of expensive soil by addition of stone dust and LDPE Fibre. International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology, 9(1), 910–916. https://doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.32851
Suryono, J., & Pranoto, Y. (2021). The effect of rebar tie fiber as a concrete mixture material on compressive and tensile strength. Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Applied Science and Technology on Engineering Science. https://doi.org/10.5220/0010954200003260
Tamil Selvi, M., A K, D., S. Thandavamoorthy, T., F. I. E., Arb, F. I. I. T., & PonkumarIlango, S. (2018). A study of flexural and bending strength of steel, polypropylene and hybrid fibre reinforced concrete without adding admixture. International Journal of Engineering & Technology, 7(2.24), 278. https://doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.24.12064
Tsai, W.-T. (2021). Carbon-negative policies by reusing waste wood as material and energy resources for mitigating greenhouse gas emissions in Taiwan, Atmosphere, 12(9), 1220. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos12091220.
Venkatesan, S. et al. (2023). Circular-economy-based approach to utilizing cardboard in sustainable building construction, Buildings, 13(1), 181. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings13010181.
Vishwakarma, V. and Uthaman, S. (2020). Environmental impact of Sustainable Green Concrete, Smart Nanoconcretes and Cement-Based Materials, 241–255.https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-817854-6.00009-x.
Wojnowska-Baryła, I., Bernat, K. and Zaborowska, M. (2022). Plastic waste degradation in landfill conditions: The problem with microplastics, and their direct and indirect environmental effects, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(20), 13223. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192013223.
Yadav, R. (2021). Effect of waste glass powder and stone dust on the characteristics of concrete. International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology, 9(1), 421–425. https://doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.32826
York, I. N., & Europe, I. (2021). Concrete needs to lose its colossal carbon footprint. Nature, 597(7878), 593-594.
Zhang, H.Y. et al. (2015). Characterizing the bond strength of geopolymers at ambient and elevated temperatures, Cement and Concrete Composites, 58, 40–49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2015.01.006.
Zhang, L. and Mabee, W.E. (2016). Comparative study on the life-cycle greenhouse gas emissions of the utilization of potential low carbon fuels for the cement industry, Journal of Cleaner Production, 122, 102–112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.02.019.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Olabimtan O. H, Latayo M. B, Joyce O. O, Opeyemi A., Aronimo B. S
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
