Estimation of Mass Indexes (B-Values) for Use in Predicting the Minimum Energy and Power Requirements for Mass-Size Reduction Operations of Some Cereals
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54536/ajiri.v2i3.1912Keywords:
Cereal, Energy, Index, Mass-Size Reduction, PowerAbstract
In an attempt to predict easily the minimum energy and power requirements necessary to achieve the expected size reduction of materials using the recently developed Orua Antia’s energy and power equations; it is essential that constant(s) in the equation should be readily available for usage. Therefore in this study, the evaluation of a constant termed mass index (B- Value) for mass-size reduction operations was carried out on cereals such as corn, wheat, sorghum, and millet that find various applications in food industries. Equations 17 and 18b were employed to evaluate mass indexes using the principles of static impact force. Relative errors (RE) of mass indexes obtained from these two equations were assessed. Results revealed that Equation 17 or 18b could be used to evaluate the mass indexes. More so, for each selected cereal the mass index was observed to vary slightly with moisture content %wb. Hence, the average mass index per cereal type per moisture content range may be used in Orua Antia’s energy Equations 5 to 9 to predict the minimum energy and power requirements of the selected cereal when subjected to mass-size reduction operations. The average mass-indexes obtained were 20.9915± 0.4198; 27.6679± 0.6506; 24.9379±20.5454 and 24.523±3.7571Kg(1⁄2) m2s-2for corn, wheat, sorghum, and millet respectively.
Downloads
References
Antia, O., Obahiagbon, K., Aluyor, E. Amd Ebunilo, P. (2014(b)). Study of moisture content dynamics of fresh palm nuts during drying. International Journal of Engineering Science Invention, 3(2), 19-23.
Antia, O., Offiong, A., Olosunde, W. and Akpabio , E. (2012). Power requirement for effective cracking of dried palm nut. International journal of emerging trends in Engineering and development. 7(2), 551- 560. www.rspublication.com/ijeted/ijeted_index.htm
Antia, O., Olosunde, W. and Offiong, A. (2014(a)). Determine of optimum moisture content of palm nut cracking for efficient production of whole kernel. Nigeria journal of Technological development, 11(2), 27-30. www.ajol.info/index.php/njtd/article/view/114379
Antia, O. O. (2020). Development of Mass – Size Particle Reduction Operations Postulates Using Empirical – Analytical Approaches. Current Journal of Applied Science and Technology, 39(44), 75-81. https://oi.org/10.9734/CJAST/2020/v39i4431153
Antia, O. O. (2021). Fundamental Related Concept of Transport Phenomena, Unit Operations and Particulate System in Food and Chemical Engineering. 1st edition, Inela Ventures and Publishers Ltd pp. 696-723.
Antia, O., Obahiagbon, K., Aluyor, E. and Ebunilo, P. (2014(c)). Modeling minimum Energy Requirement for palm nut shell mass-size particle reduction operations. International Journal of Advances in Science and Technology ,8(1), 1-11.
Asoegwu, S. N. (1995). Some physical properties and cracking energy it conophor nuts at different moisture content. Int. Agrophysics 9. www.international-agrophysics.org/pdf-107127-37935.pdf
Bender, D. A. and Bender, A. E. (1999). Benders’ Dictionary of Nutrition and Food Technology, (7th edn). Woodhead Publishing, Abington.
Brigid McKevith, (2004). The role of cereals in diet. British Nutrition Foundation Nutrition Bulletin, 29, 111–142. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/291410329. https://doi.org/ 10.1533/9781845690632.489
Collegedunia, (2023). Absolute and Relative Error: Definition, Formula & Solved Examples.https://collegedunia.com/exams/absolute-and-relative-error-definition-formula-solved-examples-mathematics-articleid-5454.
Fellow, P. J. (2009). Food processing technology, 3rd edition. Boca Raton FL: CRC Press., 4(3), 100-101.
Kumar, A. and Yedhu Krishnan, R.(2020). A Review on the Technology of Size Reduction Equipment. International Journal of ChemTech Research CODEN (USA): IJCRGG, 13(01), 48-54. https://dx.doi.org/10.20902/IJCTR.2019.130106
Kumar, P, Barrett, D. M., Delwiche, M. J. andStroeve, P.(2009). Methods of pre-treatment of lignocellulosic biomass for efficient hydrolysis and biofuel production. Ind. Chem. Engineer. Res. 48, 3713-3729. https://doi.org/10.1021/ie801542g
Mohd Rozalli, N. H., Chin, N. L. and Yusof, Y. A. (2015). Grinding characteristics of Asian originated peanuts (Arachishypogaea L.) and specific energy consumption during ultra-high speed grinding for natural peanut butter production. Journal of Food Engineering.152, 1–7. www.elsevier.com/locate/jfoodeng. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2014.11.027
Mulla, Jameel Ahmed S., Hajare, Shraddha C. andDoijad, Rajendra C.(2016). Particle Size and it’s Importance in Industrial Pharmacy: A Review. Indian Journal of Novel Drug Delivery 2016, 8(4), 191-198.
Song, S. H., Myeong, G. L, Hyong, J. L. and Won, B. Y.(2014). Analysis of grinding kinetics to control the effect of rice flour particle size on the yield of alcohol and glucose during fermentation. Int. J. Food Sci. Technol. 49, 703-2710. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijfs.12525
SudSushant and Kamath Archana. (2013). Method of size reduction and factors affecting size reduction in pharmaceutics. Int. Res. J. Pharm 4(8), 57-64. https://doi.org/10.7897/2230.8407.04810
Wikipedia, (2023). Approximation error. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Approximation_error#cite_note-2.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Olosunde William A., Akpan Abasiama J., Antia Orua O., Olosunde Oluwapelumi Oluwabusayo
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.