AI, the Global 4th Industrial System and Nepali Labour Future?
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54536/ajirb.v1i1.1021Keywords:
Artificial Intelligence, Future of Labor Workforce Globalization, Technology for 3rd World Country, 4th Industrials Revolution, NepalAbstract
The article provides a framework for the rapid advances in the 4th IR (Industrials Revaluation) efforts in the future of Nepali workforces and labor. The industrial revolutionize the future labor market, with machines replacing human labor due to savings through labor costs will be substantial for competitive markets. Agriculture, hydroelectricity, tourism, and the labor force have been identified as the key drivers of the economic growth of Nepal, and we should be intensely concerned for the future of the workforce. Due to the lack of technological education facilities, development of intensity from the government, priority, and implementation, this modern problem appears graver than envisaged. The increasing adoption of AI (Artificial Intelligence) profoundly changes the old foundation’s concept of labor and its reforms introduced by the Global capitalist industrial system. For that, is Nepal ready to challenge embracing the labor market and its properties since our economy relies heavily on unskilled worker’s remittances? The study is based on a review of the existing literature relevant to the objectives of this study, which includes government data, books, book chapters, journal articles, newspaper articles, policy documents, consultancy reports, and online documents, research reports from various national and international organizations.
Downloads
References
Acharya, G. (2019, September 6). Can Nepal invest in the cloud? Nepali Times. https://www.nepalitimes.com/here-now/can-nepal-invest-in-the-cloud
Adhikari, D. R. (2022, June 13). Education, Science, Technology and Innovation impetus in Nepal’s budget. Nepal Live Today. https://www.nepallivetoday.com/2022/06/13/education-science-technology-and-innovation-impetus-in-nepals-budget/
Amara, R. (2016). Oxford Essential Quotations (S. Ratcliffe, Ed.; 6th ed.). Oxford University Press.https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780191826719.001.0001/acref-9780191826719
Alonso, C. Kothari, S & Rehman, S. (2020, December 2). IMF Blogs. IMF. https://blogs.imf.org/
Asian Development Bank. (2015). Innovative Strategies In Higher Education For Accelerated Human Resource Development In South Asia Nepal Asian Development. https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/publication/178548/innovative-strategies-higher-education-nepal.pdf
Asian Development Bank; (2018, May). The future of work: Regional Perspective. https://www.adb.org/publications/future-work-regional-perspectives
Awale, S. (2019, November 15). Bringing Silicon Valley to Kathmandu Valley. Nepalitimes. https://www.nepalitimes.com/banner/bringing-silicon-valley-to-kathmandu-valley/
Abidi, S., & Wang, J. (2019, December 27). Nepal in the decade of AI. Nepali Times. https://www.nepalitimes.com/here-now/nepal-in-the-decade-of-ai/
Bulmer, R.E., Shrestha, A., & Marshalian, M. Jobs diagnostic Nepal report © (2020). International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank. openknowledge.worldbank.org
Behtarin, J., Rashid, S., & Basher, S. (2020, June 25). Automation is not hurting RMG employment… yet. The Daily Star. https://www.thedailystar.net/opinion/news/automation-not-hurting-rmg-employment-yet-1919897
Berriman, R. (2017). 4 -Will robots steal our jobs? The potential impact of automation on the UK and other major economies 1 Key points. https://www.pwc.co.uk/economic-services/ukeo/pwcukeo-section-4-automation-march-2017-v2.pdf
Bhandari, L. (2022). The Relation between Foreign Direct Investment Inflows and Tourism Development in Nepal. Unity Journal, 3(1), 65–81. https://doi.org/10.3126/unityj.v3i01.43316
Bhatt, G. (2022, December 1). Climate Security and Energy Security Must Go Hand-in-Hand. IMF. https://www.imf.org/en/Blogs/Articles/2022/12/01/climate-security-and-energy-security-must-go-hand-in-hand
Elizabeth, R. B., Ami, S., & Michelle, M. (2020). Nepal Jobs Diagnostic. Jobs Series, Issue No. 22. https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/33956
Eggers, W. D. (2015). The journey to government’s digital transformation A Deloitte Digital global survey. https://www2.deloitte.com/content/dam/insights/us/articles/digital-transformation-in-government/DUP_1081_Journey-to-govt-digital-future_MASTER.pdf
Elizabeth, R. B., Ami, S., & Michelle, M. (2020). Nepal Jobs Diagnostic. Jobs Series, 22(22). https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/33956
Elsaadani, A., Purdy, M., & Hakutangwi, E. (2018). How Artificial Intelligence can drive diversification in the Middle East. https://www.accenture.com/
Feijóo, C., Kwon, Y., Bauer, J. M., Bohlin, E., Howell, B., Jain, R., Potgieter, P., Vu, K., Whalley, J., & Xia, J. (2020). Harnessing artificial intelligence (AI) to increase wellbeing for all: The case for a new technology diplomacy. Telecommunications Policy, 44(6), 101988. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.telpol.2020.101988ibid
Frank, M. R., Autor, D., Bessen, J. E., Brynjolfsson, E., Cebrian, M., Deming, D. J., Feldman, M., Groh, M., Lobo, J., Moro, E., Wang, D., Youn, H., & Rahwan, I. (2019). Toward understanding the impact of artificial intelligence on labor. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 116(14), 6531–6539. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1900949116
Gautam, N. (2021, February 17). Mentee, A New Nepali EdTech Platform Introduces “Learning Glass Technology” for Lessons Delivery. TechLekh: Latest Tech News, Reviews, Startups and Apps in Nepal. https://techlekh.com/mentee-edtech-platform-nepal-launched/
USAID, SARI/EI, & IRADE. (2015). Economic Benefits from Nepal-India Electricity Trade. In IRADE. https://irade.org/
Jha, J., & Yadav, Dr. A. K. (2022, February 10). How is Artificial Intelligence changing the world? What Nepal should do to tap it? Nepal Live Today. https://www.nepallivetoday.com/2022/02/10/how-is-artificial-intelligence-changing-the-world-what-nepal-should-do-to-tap-it/
Kathmandu Post (2021, November 24). IT revolution gap (Editorial). Kathmandu, Nepal. https://kathmandupost.com/editorial/2021/11/24/it-revolution-gap
Kathmandu University. (2021, August 10). Kathmandu University launches Bachelor of Technology/Master of Technology in Artificial Intelligence. Kathmandu University. https://ku.edu.np/news-app/kathmandu-university-launches-bachelor-of-technologymaster-of-technology-in-artificial-intelligence?tags=artificial%20intelligence&search_site_name=departcomputer&show_on_home=0
Kerckhoff, A. C. (2001). Education and Social Stratification Processes in Comparative Perspective. Sociology of Education, 74, 3. https://doi.org/10.2307/2673250
Khadgi, P. (2022, March 7). AI Startup DocSumo, Co-Founded by Nepali Founder, Raises $3.5 Million Funding. TechLekh: Latest Tech News, Reviews, Startups and Apps in Nepal. https://techlekh.com/docsumo-raises-3-5-million-funding/
Marr, B. (2021, July 2). 8 Things Every School Must Do to Prepare for the 4th Industrial Revolution. Bernard Marr. https://bernardmarr.com/8-things-every-school-must-do-to-prepare-for-the-4th-industrial-revolution/
Min, J., Kim, Y., Lee, S., Jang, T.-W., Kim, I., & Song, J. (2019). The Fourth Industrial Revolution and Its Impact on Occupational Health and Safety, Worker’s Compensation and Labor Conditions. Safety and Health at Work, 10(4). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.shaw.2019.09.005
NIC. (2022). Artificial Intelligence: Leveraging the power of AI to create a smarter tomorrow. Nicnepal.org. https://nicnepal.org/projects/artificial-intelligence
Nepal Rasta Bank, (2020). “A_Survey_Report_on_Foreign_Direct_Investment_in_Nepal”https://www.nrb.org.np/
OECD. (2018). Automation, skills use and training | READ online. Oecd-Ilibrary.org. https://read.oecd-ilibrary.org/employment/automation-skills-use-and-training_2e2f4eea-en
Roach, E. (2018, December 18). Education in Nepal - WENR. WENR. https://wenr.wes.org/2018/04/education-in-nepal
R.Bhandari, S. Khanal, G, Parajuli,S, & Karki, D (2020); “A Review on Potentiality of Industry” 4.0 in Nepal: Does the Pandemic Play Catalyst Role? https://quest.edu.np/
Roy Amara. In Ratcliffe, S. (Ed.),(2022). Oxford Essential Quotations. Oxford University Press. Retrieved 3 Dec. 2022. https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780191826719.001.0001/q-oro-ed4-00018679.
Saha, A., & Sarker, T. (2019, February 21). AI in Asia: Challenges and Opportunities. BRINK – Conversations and Insights on Global Business. https://www.brinknews.com/challenges-and-opportunities-of-ai-in-asia/
Shrestha, Dr. V. R. (2020, March 10). The Necessity of Knowledge Based STEAM Education in Nepal (Samadhan Engineering, Ed.). www.thesamadhan.com. https://www.thesamadhan.com/page/the-necessity-of-knowledge-based-steam-education-in-nepal
Shrestha, J. (2019, June 6). AI Expo 2019: Nepal’s first AI Exhibition for academia and industries. GadgetByte Nepal. https://www.gadgetbytenepal.com/ai-expo-2019-nepal-first-expo-artificial-intelligence/
Shrestha, P. (2021). Use of Technology and Its Management Issues in Nepalese Industries and Businesses. Nepalese Journal of Management Research, 1, 9–14. https://doi.org/10.3126/njmgtres.v1i0.37315
Shrestha, P. M. (2021, November 23). Most local units fare poorly in IT-based service delivery. Kathmandupost.com. https://kathmandupost.com/national/2021/11/23/most-local-units-fare-poorly-in-it-based-service-delivery
Shrestha, S. (2022, March 7). Overview of Foreign Direct Investment in Nepal. Nepaleconomicforum.org. https://nepaleconomicforum.org/overview-of-foreign-direct-investment-in-nepal
TechBehemoths. (2022, December). There are 5 Companies in Nepal that provide Artificial Intelligence Services! Techbehemoths.com. https://techbehemoths.com/companies/artificial-intelligence/nepal
Truong, T. (2016, December 19). The Jobs of the Future Will Be What Robots Can’t Do. The Odyssey Online. https://www.theodysseyonline.com/jobs-future-robotsibid
UGC Nepal. (2017). Education Management Information System. University Grants Commission. https://ugcnepal.edu.np/s
UGC Nepal. (2021, April 14). Nurturing Excellence in Higher Education Program for Results (NEHEP). University Grants Commission. https://ugcnepal.edu.np/
UN. (2015). Analysis of Labour Market and Migration Trends in Nepal. GiZ, EU, BMZ, ILO. https://un.info.np/Net/NeoDocs/View/5030
UNICEF. (2019, October). Child Labour - UNICEF Data. UNICEF DATA. https://data.unicef.org/topic/child-protection/child-labour/
WTO. (2017). Impact of technology on labour market outcomes. https://www.wto.org/
Yusuf, S. (2017, September 8). Automation, AI, and the Emerging Economies. Center for Global Development /Ideas to Action. https://www.cgdev.org/publication/automation-ai-and-emerging-economies#_ftn36
Zinser, M., Rose, J., & Sirkin, H. (2020, August 19). The Robotics Revolution: The Next Great Leap in Manufacturing. BCG Global. https://www.bcg.com/publications/2015/lean-manufacturing-innovation-robotics-revolution-next-great-leap-manufacturing. “The Future of Work in Nepal Nepal country study ILO report ”2016;pp.38&41. https://www.ilo.org/
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Uttam Kapri
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.