Self-Fulfillment and Health Perceptions Among Male Gym-Goers: A Descriptive Phenomenological Study Using Colaizzi’s Thematic Approachand Focus Group Discussions

Abstract

Bodybuilding and gym participation have become increasingly popular among young adults as means of enhancing physical fitness, body image, psychological well-being, and overall quality of life. While previous studies have extensively examined physiological outcomes and competitive bodybuilding, limited qualitative research has explored the lived experiences of ordinary community-based gym-goers. This study explored the lived experiences of male bodybuilding gym-goers regarding their health perceptions, self-fulfillment, lifestyle practices, and challenges encountered in sustaining bodybuilding activities. A descriptive phenomenological design utilizing Colaizzi’s thematic approach was employed. Seven male participants aged 22 to 27 years who had regularly attended a community gym for at least one year were purposively selected. Data were gathered through semi-structured individual interviews and focus group discussions (FGDs). Analysis generated three major themes: (1) Perceived Health Improvement and Pursuit of Greater Body Bulk; (2) Self-Fulfillment Through Improved Physique; and (3) Projection of a Healthy Lifestyle and Challenges of Supplement Dependence. Findings revealed that participants perceived bodybuilding as beneficial to their physical health, emotional well-being, self-discipline, and self-confidence. Participants associated muscular physiques with personal achievement, social acceptance, and enhanced self-image. However, dependence on protein supplements and pre-workout products emerged as a common concern. The study concludes that bodybuilding functions as both a health-promoting and self-enhancing activity among young adults. Nevertheless, responsible supplement consumption and balanced fitness practices remain essential for sustainable health outcomes.