Performance Evaluation of Solar PV Systems Under Different Irradiance and Temperature Conditions
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54536/ajise.v5i3.8608Keywords:
Conversion Efficiency, Factorial Simulation, Irradiance, Module Temperature, Performance Ratio, Solar Photovoltaic SystemAbstract
Solar photovoltaic systems are systems that function under varying environmental conditions and the field performance of a solar photovoltaic system is controlled mainly by the joint impact of the solar irradiance and the module temperature. This paper is a control physics-based performance analysis of a monocrystalline 5 kW grid-connected photovoltaic system at 200, 400, 600, 800 and 1000 W/m2 of irradiance levels and 15, 25, 35, 45 and 55o C of module-temperature levels. The number of observations was 300 because it was carried out using a full-factorial design containing twelve repeated observations in each condition. The model included irradiance-sensitive low-light performance, power temperature coefficient of -0.37%/o C, inverter conversion, balance-of-system losses, and minor stochastic deviations in measurements. AC output power, DC voltage, DC current, system efficiency and performance ratio were used as performance measurement parameters. The largest beneficial influence on output was exerted by irradiance, whereas rising temperature invariably decreased voltage and the power, efficiency and performance ratio. At 1000 W/m², mean AC output declined from approximately 4.98 kW at 15 °C to 4.23 kW at 55 °C. At 25 °C, output increased from about 0.91 kW at 200 W/m² to 4.80 kW at 1000 W/m². The analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that there was an effect of irradiance, temperature, and a significant interaction effect. Conventionalized regression showed that the most significant predictor was irradiance, then temperature and the negative interaction between irradiance and temperature. The findings indicate that a high irradiance may not necessarily ensure maximum usable power in case thermal loading is extreme. The paper presents a reproducible operating envelope, quantitative sensitivity estimates, and implications to practical use in terms of array ventilation, inverter sizing, monitoring, and yield prediction.
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