Synthesis and Characterization of Fatty Polyamide from Dimer Acid Prepared from Afzelia Africana seed oil

Authors

  • Ikyenge Barnabas Aloo Ikyenge, B.A. Department of Chemistry, Benue State University, Makurdi, Nigeria
  • Iorkaha Terungwa Ikyenge, B.A. Department of Chemistry, Benue State University, Makurdi, Nigeria
  • Benjamin Ishwah Department of Chemistry Benue State University Makurdi, Nigeria

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.54536/ajise.v1i1.709

Keywords:

Afzelia Africana, Polyamide, Dimer Acid, Surface Coating, Seed Oil, FTIR, Characterization

Abstract

Afzelia africana seed oil was extracted from its oil-bearing seeds via soxhlet extraction with n-hexane as the solvent. The oil was characterized and the percentage yield, specific gravity, refractive index, iodine value, acid value and saponification value were; 24.6%, 0.9184, 1.4708, 105.75 (Wij’s), 5.61 (mg KOH/g) and 199.155 (mg/KOH/g) respectively. Dimer acids were synthesized by heating 50g of the oil at 3400C in nitrogen inert atmosphere using iodine crystals as catalyst. Characterization of the dimer acid indicated that refractive index, iodine value, acid value and saponification value were 1.4904, 126.90 (Wij’s),7.01 (mgKOH/g) and 136.043 (mgKOH/g) respectively. Fatty polyamide was synthesized by heating the dimer acid and ethylenediamine at a temperature of 2100C in an inert atmosphere. Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis for both the synthesized dimer acid and fatty polyamide was obtained. The dimer acid shows a peak at 1697.41cm-1 due to C=O stretch of carboxylic acid, a peak at 1080.17 cm-1 which corresponds to O-H bend of carboxylic acid. A peak corresponding to C-H stretch of alkane group shown at 2916.42 cm-1, a peak at 1111.03 cm-1 due to C-O-C stretch of fatty ester group. The polyamide showed a peak at 1180.47 cm-1 which corresponds to C-N stretch of aliphatic amine group. The significant difference in absorption between the synthesized dimer acid and fatty polyamide is the peak at 3533.71 cm-1 which corresponds to amide N-H stretching absorption that was present in the polyamide due to the higher number of hydrogen bonds formed by amide groups. The findings revealed that Afzalia africana seed oil is semi-drying in nature based on its iodine value and has the desirable qualities needed for producing surface coating vehicles.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

A.O.C.S. Official Methods (1960). Sampling and Analysis of fats and Oils. A.O.C.S., Washington, pp. 801-55

Adebayo, A.A. (1997). Factor analysis of forest floor variability in savanna wood land of south western Nigeria. Global Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, 3(2), 255-263.

Anhwange B.A. Ajibola V.O. and Oniye, S.J. (2004). Chemistry studies of the seeds of Moringa oleifera (Lam) and Detarium microcarpum (Guill and Sper). Journal of Biological Sciences, 4, 711-715.

Adeyeye, A. and Ajewole, K. (1992). Chemistry composition and fatty acid profiles of cereals in Nigeria. Journal of Food chemistry, 4, 41-44.

Bakker, P.J., Resen, E., Aerts, J. (1999). New Thixotropic Alkyd Resin Family Based on Polyamide Technology, Pro. 5th Nurnberg congress.

Boxall, J. and Van Fraunhofer, J.A. (1980). Paint formulation, 1st ed. pp.4-6.

Dupuy, B., Mille, G. (1993). Timber plantations in the humid tropics of Africa. FAO Forestry paper, pp. 98, 190.

Freitas R. F.R., Klein C., Pereira M.P., Duczinski R. B., Einloft S., Seferin M. and Ligable R. (2015). Evaluation of polyimide films as adhesives. Journal of Adhesion Science Technology, 29(17), 1860-1872.

Finar, I.L. (2006). Organic Chemistry: Stereochemistry and the chemistry of Natural Products; 2. (5th ed). Pearson Education Ltd. pp 423.

Heraldsson, G. (1983). Degumming, Dewaxing and Refining. Journal of American Oil Chemistry Society, 60(2), 251-256.

Haborne, J.B. (1973). Text book of physicochemical methods, A guide to modern techniques of plant analysis, (2nd ed). Chapman and Hall Ltd. London.

Haborne, J.B. (1973). Text book of physicochemical methods, A guide to modern techniques of plant analysis, (2nd ed) Chapman and Hall Ltd. London.

Iboronke, A.A., Rotimi, O.K., David and Joseph, I.V., (2005). Oil contents and fatty acid composition of some underutilized legumes from Nigeria. International Institute for Tropical Agricultural (IITA), 1st edition Ibadan, Nigeria. 652-655.

Lambert, J. and Muir, J.A. (1998). Practical Chemistry, (2nd ed). Heineman Education Books, 315-318.

Mohammed, M.I. and Hamza, Z.U. (2008). Physico-chemical properties of oil extracts from sasamuminducm L. seeds grown in Jigawa state-Nigeria. Journal Applied Science Environmental Management, 12, 99-101.

McMurry, J. (1996). Organic chemistry, 4th edition. Brooks/Cole Publishing Company pp. 222-226.

Norries F.A (1995). Fats and fatty acids. In Kirk-othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, 8, (2nd ed) John Willey, 770-811.

Oboh, F.O. (2004). Lipids of melon (Citrulluslanatus L.) seeds. Journal of the National Academy for the Advancement of Science (JNAAS), 3(5), 453-459.

Premamoy, G. (2002). Polymer Science and Technology, (2nd ed) Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Limited, 342, 433.

Peerman, D.E. (1972). Polyamide from Fatty Acid in Encyclopedia Polymer Science Technology, 10.

Saunders, K.J. (1988). Organic Polymer Chemistry: An introduction to the organic chemistry of Adhesives: Plastics and rubbers, (2nd ed) Chapman and Hail. pp. 112-116.

Williams, K.A. (1966). Oil fats and fatty foods, (4th ed)Elsevier, 88-122.

Williams K.A. (1966). Oils, Fats and Fatty Foods, (4th ed) Elselvier, New York, 88-122.

Downloads

Published

2022-10-16

How to Cite

Ikyenge , B. A. ., Iorkaha , T. ., & Benjamin , I. (2022). Synthesis and Characterization of Fatty Polyamide from Dimer Acid Prepared from Afzelia Africana seed oil. American Journal of Innovation in Science and Engineering, 1(1), 13–17. https://doi.org/10.54536/ajise.v1i1.709