Akinde, A. ., Akinde, M. ., Emiola, R. ., & Akinsola, A. . (2026). So Many Opinions, So Many LLMs: Comparing Large Language Models to Traditional Machine Learning for Open- Ended Survey Analysis. Applied Research and Innovation, 4(1), 87-96. https://doi.org/10.54536/ari.v4i1.6586