The American Journal of Human Psychology (AJHP) is an open-access and double-blind peer-reviewed international journal publication platform to develop academic and research collaboration in the fields of Human Psychology. AJHP aims to publish articles that include those containing substantially supported theories, innovative works, substantial experimental results, and/or useful and constructive discussions or reviews standardized to regional or international acceptance. AJHP reviews papers within the shortest possible time of submission and publishes accepted articles on the internet immediately upon receiving the final versions. ISSN: 2994-8878 (Online) Aim & Scope The journal aims to contribute to global society through interaction, exchange of ideas, and discussions in the field of human psychology. The journal publishes articles that include those containing substantially supported theories, innovative works, substantial experimental results, and/or useful and constructive discussions or reviews standardized to regional or international acceptance. All articles are reviewed quickly and professionally copyedited and checked for similarity to ensure quality and faster publication. Frequencies of publication One issue in a year while it accepts articles throughout the years and publishes online immediately after receiving the final version of the manuscript from the author. Area of publication All the areas of Human Psychology but not limited to investigations into ◉ Auditory Cognitive Neuroscience ◉ Behaviors ◉ Beliefs ◉ Clinical Psychology ◉ Movement Science ◉ Neuro psychoanalysis ◉ Cognitive Science ◉ Comparative Psychology ◉ Neuroscience ◉ Organizational Psychology ◉ Perception ◉ Consciousness Research ◉ Control of Action ◉ Cultural Psychology ◉ Decision Neuroscience ◉ Perception Science ◉ Personality and Social Psychology ◉ Philosophical Psychology ◉ Psychopathology ◉ Sexual Attitudes ◉ Sport Psychology ◉ Theoretical Psychology ◉ Sex and Sexuality Studies ◉ Related Cognitive Processes ◉ Psychoanalysis ◉ Quantitative Psychology, etc.
The Relation Between Academic Workloads in Science and Mental Health Outcomes Among Middle School Learners
The study determined how academic workloads in science affect the mental well-being of middle school learners. A qualitative research methodology was employed, encompassing 37 participants (19 males and 18 females), with data gathered via focus group interviews. The qualitative findings indicated that substantial academic demands, including ambiguous project guidelines, protracted experiments and conflicting deadlines, disrupt learners’ routines and hinder academic performance. They also highlighted common mental health problems like stress, irritability, emotional exhaustion, and feelings of loneliness, especially when academic workloads get in the way of personal time. It became clear that the stress of heavy academic workloads not only makes it harder for students to manage their time but also causes long-term psychological strain, which can show up as anxiety and emotional withdrawal. This highlights the necessity of enhanced task management to promote academic achievement and emotional well-being. The study reveals that excessive academic demands result in significant emotional distress and underscores the necessity for prompt interventions in educational institutions, including clearer assignment guidelines, a more balanced curriculum, emotional support systems and structured skill development strategies to protect learners’ psychological well-being and academic engagement.
Copyright (c) 2025 Anfo Ama Asieduwaa Elfreda, Benjamin Obeng Konadu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Alcohol-Induced Microbial Dysbiosis and Psychosocial Stressors Undermining PrEP Adherence: A Mixed Methods Analysis in HIV-Negative African American Adults
HIV remains a major public health challenge in the Southern United States, with African American communities facing elevated risk. This study investigates how hazardous alcohol use, psychological distress, and gut microbial dysbiosis affect PrEP adherence and evaluates a trauma-informed SBIRT intervention to improve outcomes. This 12-month convergent mixed-methods study was conducted through Kentucky State University with two collaborating clinics. Seventy-eight HIV-negative African American adults on PrEP were recruited via referrals and community outreach and randomized to SBIRT (n = 30), Treatment-as-Usual (n = 30), or a non-hazardous drinking reference group (n = 18). Quantitative data included surveys (AUDIT, PHQ-9, PCL-5), pharmacy refill logs, and stool-based 16S rRNA sequencing. The qualitative arm applied a phenomenological approach with 40 purposively selected participants completing semi-structured interviews at baseline, 3, 6, and 12 months. Interviews were thematically coded in Dedoose and integrated with quantitative analyses (chi-square, ANOVA, Pearson correlations, logistic regression) to examine clinical outcomes and lived experiences influencing PrEP adherence. Among 78 participants, multivariate logistic regression identified hazardous alcohol use (OR=2.9, p=0.008), PTSD (OR=3.6, p=0.003), depression (OR=2.7, p=0.029), and microbial dysbiosis (OR=3.3, p=0.006) as predictors of PrEP non-adherence (<85%). Compared with TAU, SBIRT participants showed higher adherence (80% vs. 53%, p=0.014), greater microbial diversity (Shannon Index 2.6 vs. 1.9, p=0.004), and lower inflammatory biomarkers (IL-6, TNF-α, both p<0.05). They also reported fewer depressive (PHQ-9: 7.8 vs. 11.5, p=0.004) and PTSD symptoms (PCL-5: 29.1 vs. 35.4, p=0.007), alongside safer sexual behaviors. Qualitative analysis confirmed that stigma, trauma, and gut discomfort disrupted adherence, while SBIRT counseling enhanced self-awareness, reduced emotional fatigue, and supported behavioral change. These findings highlight that PrEP adherence can be enhanced through trauma-informed, culturally grounded support in combination with long-acting formulations and probiotic strategies.
Copyright (c) 2025 Md Rakibul Hasan, Frank W. Parker, Andrew Harrison, Saifur Rahman https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Trainers’ Characteristics and Trainees’ Motivational Orientation as Predictor of Transfer of Training
This study explored how the trainers’ characteristics and the trainees’ motivational orientation influenced the transfer of training among employees in the Financial Technology industry. This work is attached to Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 8, concentrating on decent work and economic growth. Despite heavy investments in corporate trainings, many organizations struggle to convert training into on-the-job behavior; drawing on Self-Determination Theory, this study tested how trainer characteristics (interaction, attitude, competency) and trainees’ motivational orientation (intrinsic, extrinsic) jointly predict transfer of training among Philippine fintech sales agents using a correlational–predictive design with simple random sampling, validated instruments, and SPSS analyses (Pearson r; multiple regression). Descriptively, trainer characteristics (M = 3.61), motivational orientation (M = 3.66), and transfer (M = 3.67) were moderate. Trainer characteristics strongly correlated with transfer (r = .839, p < .001), as did motivational orientation (r = .906, p < .001); the regression model explained 81.3% of variance in transfer (R² = .813, p < .001), with motivational orientation exerting the larger standardized effect (β = .675, p < .001) compared with trainer characteristics (β = .278, p < .001). Findings extend transfer theory by quantifying the relative contribution of motivation vis-à-vis trainer qualities in a fintech context and offer actionable levers for industrial counseling practice: autonomy-supportive design, relevance framing, structured coaching and feedback, and recognition systems that strengthen internalization, thereby maximizing behavior change at work.
Copyright (c) 2025 John Lester Combong, Christhoffer Lelis https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Assessing the Role of Mindfulness Program in Improving Grit Among Bataan National High School-Senior High School Boys Volleyball Players.
During intense games, non-stop rallies, and feelings of tiredness, this is the time when athletes have the most difficulty maintaining their focus and perseverance. This study aims to assess if the mindfulness program can impact the grit level of the male volleyball players of Bataan National High School-Senior High School (BNHS-SHS). The researchers employ a quasi-experimental approach, having a non-random selection of participants. On the other hand, repeated measures/within-subject research design was utilized for assessment as the study has only one group: the experimental group (n=15), with no control group. The Domain-Specific Grit Scale for College Athletic Students (DGSCAS) was used in the pre-test and post-test, consisting of 10 negative statement questions and a 5-point Likert Scale. The findings revealed that there is an improvement in the 2 dimensions of the scale where both have decreased mean scores after the intervention[ Bataan Peninsula State University, Philippines] program. On the other hand, the first dimension, which is ‘Consistency of Interest’, shows a significant difference in its pre-test and post-test (p-value = 0.042), while the ‘Perseverance of Effort’ p-value of 0.078 is greater than the significance level of 0.05, indicating that it has no significant difference. Meanwhile, the overall score emphasizes that the program helped the participants improve their grit level, with a p-value of 0.028, indicating that the program significantly contributed to the athletes. These results highlight the benefits of the mindfulness program as a tool for increasing players’ grit but suggest more approaches in ‘Perseverance of Effort.
Copyright (c) 2025 Marx S. Ongkingco, Christine Gwyneth M. Mendoza, Kenneth Ian B. Mendoza, Davfney Maing, Laraine Sopia Riño, Reesha Mae Lopez, Jayvie Villazor https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Distance Parenting and its Effects to the Children of OFW’s in Balayan, Batangas, Philippines
A child may be well provided for in a material sense, but utterly deprived of emotional nurturance; This places the child in a state of psychological conflict, even turmoil. He may be grateful on the one hand , but angry and hurt on the other (due to emotional deprivation).This paved the way for the researchers to conduct this study. The following are the Objectives of the Study:1.What is the profile of the OFW parent? the results showed that there are more OFW mothers than Fathers with 85 respondents or 61.15% percent and 54 Fathers or 38.84%. 2.Who takes care of the child? Father got the highest number of respondents with 43 or 31%, next is grandmother which got 34 or 25% and the lowest is grandfather which got 1 or 1% 3. What is/are the age/s of children? As to the age of the OFW children. The highest is age 16-20 which got 54 or 39%,And the lowest is ages 1-5 which got 10 or 7%. 4.What is the length of period the Parent is working abroad? majority of the OFW parents worked for 6-10 years which has 79 or 57%, followed by 1-5 years which got 30 or 22% and the lowest is 1616-20 years which got 6 or 4%. 5.What are the effects of distance parenting to the children left behind by OFWs.? well behaved got the highest with 67 or 48.25%,and the lowest is not behaved which got 4 or 2.9%. Across the country’s 17 regions, CALABARZON contributed the largest number of OFWs which was estimated at 15.9 percent or 159 in every 1,000 OFWs in 2021.
Copyright (c) 2025 Jocelyn C. Banaybanay, Ruel M. Panday, Jean Karla M. Castillo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Joy of Missing Out (JOMO): Developing a Multi-Factorial Scale for the FOMO Antithesis in Filipino Emerging Adults
The social media’s recent growth has brought about a constant need for engagement which led people to Fear Of Missing Out (FOMO). In line with this, a novel concept, which is the Joy of Missing Out (JOMO), has emerged. JOMO encourages people to embrace solitude, prioritize self-care, and enjoy both online and physical disconnection. Given the increasing relevance of JOMO in the modern age, this study aims to develop a scale that measures its multidimensional aspects. For the first step of the development, the study employed a quantitative research design utilizing Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA). An 83-item questionnaire, having a 7-point Likert scale, was constructed and distributed to 520 emerging adults (ages 18-30) residing in the province of Davao del Sur. A Shapiro-Wilk test was conducted, and results showed that the data is not normally distributed (p < 0.001). Thus, the Principal Axis Factoring (PAF) was used for factor extraction. Results revealed a five-factor structure which consists of Mindfulness (14 items), Social Media Usage (17 items), Contentment of Solitude (15 items), Social Detachment (5 items), and Social Comparison (5 items). Meanwhile, the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) value of .974 and a significant Bartlett’s Test (p < 0.001) confirmed sampling adequacy. The final scale demonstrated a satisfactory internal consistency (α = .978). Aside from the methodological findings, results also highlighted that mindful individuals who embrace solitude often experience JOMO, while those stuck in social comparison and social media use have a hard time attaining this state. It is recommended to conduct further studies on JOMO in various settings and age groups to raise the findings’ generalizability. It is also recommended to conduct a Confirmatory Factor Analysis to fortify the results of this study.
Copyright (c) 2025 Jelyn D. Canonigo, Angela Marie H. Mendez, Greg Adrian D. Cañamo, Gerlie Mae V. Subido, Roselle Daireen L. Guinto, Rose Ann L. Bautista, Jenelyn C. Abrenilla, Mayumi A. Castaños https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Risk of Developing Compassion Fatigue, Quality of Life, and Satisfaction of Social-Related Professionals
The study titled “Risk of Developing Compassion Fatigue, Quality of Life, and Satisfaction of Social-Related Professionals” aims to explore the prevalence and impact of compassion, fatigue, alongside assessing the quality of life and job satisfaction among social-related professionals in the City of Ilagan. The research focused on a diverse group of professionals, including nurses, teachers, police officers, guidance counselors, and lawyers, highlighting the emotional and psychological challenges inherent in these roles. Using a combination of the Compassion Fatigue/Satisfaction Self-Test (CFS) and WHOO\QOL-BREF, data were collected from 381 respondents through structured questionnaires. The results reveal weak correlations but no significance between compassion fatigue and both the quality of life and job satisfaction when suing a 01% significance level. Notably, the findings indicate that high levels of compassion fatigue have a negative impact on the perceived quality of life and job satisfaction among these professionals.
Copyright (c) 2025 Dominick B. Agoot, Feonah Mae P. Arreola, Theodore Uriel Calizo, Jasenia A. Ignacio https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Influence of Workplace Stress and Psychological Safety on the Well-Being of Filipino Employees
Psychological safety and workplace stress are critical organizational behaviors in understanding workplace dynamics and employee well-being. This cross-sectional study investigates the relationship between workplace stress and psychological safety of randomly selected tenured Filipino employees (n=145), revealing significant implications for organizational health and employee well-being. The results indicate a moderate level of workplace stress, with the majority of respondents experiencing daily stress, while psychological safety has an average level, indicative of a conducive work environment but with areas for improvement. A significant negative correlation was revealed (r= -0.242, p=0.003), signifying that higher perceived stress levels are associated with lower psychological safety. This relationship emphasizes the importance of a psychologically safe workplace, where employees can openly express concerns and seek help, thereby mitigating stress-related issues. Recommendations include implementing targeted interventions to enhance psychological safety, alongside stress management programs that promote mental health resources and coping strategies. Additionally, organizations should encourage open discussions about mental health to combat stigma and create an inclusive workplace culture. Regular assessments of employee well-being can further inform organizational strategies to improve workplace conditions. Overall, this research highlights the critical need for organizations in the Philippines to prioritize psychological safety as a means to enhance employee engagement and to improve overall performance and well-being within the workforce.
Copyright (c) 2025 Camille V. De Leon https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Parents’ Participation in Fostering Effective Communication through Prompting Techniques for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
This research assessed the effectiveness of the parents’ communication through prompting procedures for their children with ASD at identified schools in the division of the component cities in Cebu, Philippines during the School Year 2023-2024. This research utilized a descriptive correlational design to test the relationship between the parent respondents’ prompting technique utilization and the communication skills of autistic children. This study was conducted at three (3) public elementary schools in Cebu, Philippines. Ethical considerations were adhered to before, during and after the data gathering. The 99 respondents were purposively selected for they are parents of children with ASD. The data collected were tallied, organized, summarized, and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings revealed the extent of support needed by the children with autism was high. The level of manifestation of communication skills of children with autism was high. The extent of the respondents’ usage of prompting techniques when communicating with a child with autism was high. There was a significant relationship between the parents’ perception on the extent of support needed by the children with autism and the extent of the parent respondents’ usage of prompting techniques in communication with the children with autism. And there was a significant relationship between the respondents’ prompting technique utilization and the communication skills of the children with autism. It is recommended that parent-mediated therapies and parent training and resources should be provided to establish a supportive environment that meets the requirements of children with ASD and improves their communication and development.
Copyright (c) 2025 Regina E. Sitoy, Orlando C. Abrigondo, Joeylyn C. Dormiendo, Merl Beatrice B. Jamen https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Barriers to Parental Involvement in the Education of Children with Disabilities in Tamale Metropolis
Parental involvement plays a crucial role in the education of children with disabilities, yet various barriers limit their engagement. This study explores the challenges hindering parental involvement in inclusive education within the Tamale Metropolis and identifies strategies to enhance participation. A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining quantitative survey data from 70 respondents (parents and teachers) and qualitative thematic analysis from interviews. Purposive and simple random sampling techniques were used to select participants from inclusive schools, and data were analyzed using SPSS (Version 26) for quantitative analysis and thematic analysis for qualitative responses. Findings indicate that financial constraints (71.4%), negative societal attitudes (64.3%), and lack of awareness (57.1%) are significant barriers to parental involvement. A chi-square analysis revealed a strong association between parental socio-economic status and their level of engagement (χ² = 12.56, p < 0.05), with low-income parents being less involved. Qualitative findings supported these results, highlighting financial struggles, stigma, and poor school communication as key limitations. Suggested strategies for improvement, rated on a five-point scale, emphasized the importance of awareness campaigns (4.7 mean score), regular parent-teacher communication (4.5 mean score), and financial assistance (4.3 mean score). The study recommends educational campaigns, financial support programs, improved communication channels, parental training, and policy reinforcement to enhance engagement. Addressing these barriers through collaborative efforts among schools, policymakers, and communities can significantly improve the involvement of parents in the education of children with disabilities.
Copyright (c) 2025 Abubakari Sadik Alhassan, Cecilia Alimatu Issaka, Hassan Mubarik Iddrisu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Development of the Infidelity Tendency Comprehensive (ITCh) Scale
Infidelity is known to influence relationship dynamics negatively. However, it remains a societal issue in the Philippines. The purpose of this study was to develop an instrument that measures the likelihood of Filipino young adults to commit infidelity. The Infidelity Tendency Comprehensive (ITCh) Scale aims to generate sufficient data to aid the rising number of individuals committing infidelity. A sample of 500 Filipino young adults aged 18 to 25 was chosen using simple random sampling to ensure a representative population. The initial 80-item scale was refined through a pilot test with 50 respondents, resulting in a 45-item version. Principal Axis Factoring (PAF) was employed to identify the underlying factors, supported by the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) measure (0.954) and Barlette’s Test of Sphericity (p<0.05). Factor analysis revealed five key factors: sexual arousal, insecurity, extroversion, relationship dissatisfaction, and indifference in relationships. The final scale retained 43 items after removing them with low factor loadings. Reliability testing showed a high Cronbach’s alpha of 0. 956, and discriminant validity was confirmed, indicating the scale’s accuracy and relevance. The ITCh scale is a reliable and valid instrument that provides a basis for further research and interventions to build healthier relationships.
Copyright (c) 2025 Raven Kyle Gonzaga, Queen Mae Aguirre, Novielen Jean Dacay, Cristine Alegado, Mark Luiz Demanawa, Junna Predigosa https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Life Beyond the Classroom: Concept of Well-Lived Lives Among Filipino High School Teachers
Defining a well-lived life among educators extends beyond professional accomplishments. For high school teachers in the Philippines, this concept is deeply intertwined with their roles in nurturing young minds and shaping the future amidst systemic challenges. This phenomenological qualitative study delves into understanding the experiences and determinants of a well-lived life for these educators, looking beyond their classroom responsibilities. Six (6) Filipino junior high school teachers from the City of Balanga National High School, representing a range of demographics and experiences, were selected through purposive sampling to participate in semi-structured interviews. Data was analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA), revealing five (5) dichotomous themes: “Service vs. Self,” which emphasizes altruism and selflessness alongside autonomy and individuality; “Endurance vs. Exhaustion,” highlighting resilience in the face of stress and burnout; “Optimism vs. Obstacles,” focusing on maintaining a positive mindset while navigating negative influences; “Clarity vs. Confusion,” emphasizing the importance of purpose and direction amidst challenges; and “Spirituality vs. Security,” demonstrating the role of faith alongside material concerns. These results suggest that support mechanisms and policies need to be tailored to acknowledge and enhance teachers’ holistic well-being beyond the classroom. By creating environments that prioritize mental, emotional, and spiritual health along with professional development, educational institutions can promote sustainable teacher satisfaction and, in turn, enhance educational outcomes nationwide.
Copyright (c) 2025 Von Hansen Jan I. Turla, Veronica C. Asilo, Chrizia Mavis V. Caragay, Jhom Cedrix S. Tantiangco, Enrico Gabriel J. Vichuaco, Ace Randolf C. Valle, Lawrence D. Balana https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Impact of Psychoeducation on Self-Concept of Selected Bataan Peninsula State University Students Affected by Ghosting in Bataan, Philippines
In today’s digital age, the practice of ghosting has emerged as a dissolution strategy in relationships, leaving individuals emotionally unattended and questioning their self-worth. This study explores the role of psychoeducation on the self-concept of selected college students at Bataan Peninsula State University - Main and Balanga Campus who have been ghosted by their previous partners online. The researchers employed the program “Ghosted: Healing from Abandonment” by Sabriya Dobbins, consisting of six sessions designed to address the impact of ghosting on self-concept. Twenty participants were randomly assigned into two groups and underwent two different treatments: a one-session psychoeducation summarizing the program and a full six-session. The Robson Self Concept Questionnaire was utilized to precisely measure participants’ self-concept before and after the program. The findings revealed that the program significantly improved the participants’ self-concept from both experimental (p = .037) and control groups (p = .013). This study explores the lasting psychological effects of ghosting, aiming to offer support and insights to those affected by this modern relationship phenomenon. It further unfolds the potential advantages of psychoeducation for personal growth and well-being, particularly in shaping one’s self-concept.
Copyright (c) 2025 Sophia Jayne Sioco, Andrea Lorin Villaruel, Philipp Lloyd Malacad, Precious Tabanay, Bea Grace Estinopo, Marielle Santos, Kenshin Saquilon, Allen Louise Santos, Sabriya Dobbins, Jayvie Villazor https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Development of Altruistic Motivation in Early-Career Social Workers
Altruistic motivation plays a pivotal role in the effectiveness and sustainability of social work practice. This study examines the development of altruistic attributes—empathy, intrinsic motivation, resilience, and systemic understanding—among early-career social workers (N = 87) with 3–5 years of experience. Using quantitative methods, the research identifies significant positive trends and highlights key correlations between these dimensions. The findings demonstrate that professional experiences foster the growth of empathy and intrinsic motivation while emphasizing the protective role of resilience and the critical importance of systemic understanding. Variations across employment sectors reveal unique challenges and opportunities, contributing to a nuanced understanding of professional development in social work. The discussion integrates these findings with existing literature and emphasizes the need for supportive environments to sustain altruistic motivation. Implications for education, policy, and future research are also explored.
Copyright (c) 2025 Sora Pazer https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Development of IPAGTAGUMPAY Posttraumatic Growth Support Program Among Trauma Survivor in Bataan, Philippines
Studies reveal that approximately 60-75% of people have experienced at least one traumatic event in their lifetime, profoundly affecting their physical, psychological, emotional, and social well-being. However, despite these challenges, individuals have the potential to experience posttraumatic growth—a positive transformation that can emerge after trauma. There is a clear need for a structured support program to support this growth that guides and empowers survivors as they navigate recovery and self-improvement. This paper focuses on developing a comprehensive program specifically designed to foster posttraumatic growth among trauma survivors of loss, natural disasters, serious illness, and military combat. Through an intensive literature review, a descriptive phenomenological approach, and expert insights, the IPAGTAGUMPAY Posttraumatic Growth Intervention Program was developed. This program encompasses a series of modules that target key areas of healing, such as Psychotrauma Management, Attentiveness to Self, Guarding the Mind, and Tackling Personal Capacities. Additionally, it includes components focused on Faith and Meaning-Making, Gaining Existential Insights, Making the Most Out of Life, and Attentiveness to Others’ Growth. By addressing various aspects of growth and resilience, this holistic approach provides trauma survivors with a structured pathway toward a renewed sense of purpose and strength, enabling them to rebuild their lives with resilience and optimism.
Copyright (c) 2025 Jayvie Villazor, Kristina Anne Ama, Marlon Holgado, Gecca Grace Casiple, Jonathan Pangilinan Jr., Jaeo, Jasper Mustar, Von Hasen Turla, Beatrice Ricci Sanchez, Lyka Linneth Apostol, Jose Carlo Mari Calinisan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Development of A Multi-factorial Fear of Happiness Scale for Young Adults
This study developed and tested the Fear of Happiness Scale for Young Adults (FHS-YA) to understand how young adults aged 18–26 experience fear of happiness. A total of 501 respondents from Davao del Sur, Philippines completed the survey. The data was analyzed using Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), and methods like Principal Axis Factoring (PAF) were used due to the non-normal data distribution. Four key factors were identified: Social and Emotional Avoidance (SEA), Future-Oriented Anxiety or Guilt (FOAG), Cognitive Distortion (CD), and Emotional Discomfort (ED). The scale showed excellent reliability with a Cronbach’s Alpha of 0.975. This alternative tool provides a reliable way to explore fear of happiness in young adults and can help guide future research and interventions aimed at improving emotional well-being.
Copyright (c) 2025 Leonora Kyla Uy, Hannah Dela Pena, Claudine Jade Abellana, Honie Mae Matutis, Eden Grace Laurente, Marc Loyd Dumanhog, Mayumi Castanos https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
An Experimental Analysis of Empathy: Comparing Animal and Human Responses to Emotional Distress
This study seeks to elaborate on the emotional response of humans towards other humans and animals. In these circumstances, a video presentation has been utilized as the source of the specific details that will be used in an assessment to be answered by the participants. To ensure the accuracy and reliability of the study, 20 college students were carefully selected. These participants were screened to exclude individuals with a history of traumatic experiences involving animals or humans, minimizing potential biases that could influence their emotional responses. A paired sample t-test was utilized since the researchers used a within-subject design. The p-value of 0.001 is below the threshold of 0.05. This signifies a statistically significant difference in empathy scores between the two groups, with participants exhibiting greater empathy towards animals than humans, as indicated by the positive t-statistic. Based on these findings, the null hypothesis was rejected, stating no difference in empathy scores between humans and animals.
Copyright (c) 2025 Hanah Bianca B. Dacillo, Sara G. Camacho, Danzel Dave V. Tamara, Claire Lynn B. Culajara https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Academic Satisfaction: A Comparative Analysis Between Blended Schedule and Everyday Classroom Instruction Among College Students
The face of education has been changing over the past couple of decades-from new teaching methodologies to a greater emphasis on student-centered learning. Indeed, research has documented that academic satisfaction is a leading contributor to students’ successful and healthy experiences throughout college. Furthermore, this growth in technology has given way to the emergence of blended learning, which merges traditional classroom instruction with online resources and digital tools. However, the relative effect of blended learning in comparison to a traditional classroom setting regarding academic satisfaction remains inadequately explored. This study addresses this gap by comparing the level of academic satisfaction of students involved in blended learning programs (MSA 1 and MSA 2) against those in traditional classroom instructions at the University of Mindanao Digos College. Quantitative data with a descriptive-comparative design were obtained from 350 university students via a standardized questionnaire adapted from the Student Evaluation of Educational Quality (SEEQ. Results showed that students in blended learning environments were more academically satisfied (MSA 1: X=3.98 and SD=.000; MSA 2: X=3.85 and SD=.268) compared to students in traditional classrooms (Everyday Classroom Instruction: X=3.66 and SD=.308). However, the statistical analysis showed no significant differences in satisfaction between the blended and traditional instructional methods, meaning that both approaches can effectively support student engagement and satisfaction. In conclusion, this research provides a valuable insight for investigating the relationship between instructional methods and academic satisfaction. It underscores the importance of adopting blended learning strategies to foster higher levels of student satisfaction, with encouragement of further exploration in how best to optimize teaching approaches for improved educational outcomes within diverse
Copyright (c) 2025 Chinky Ainne Marie F. Hilot, Jamela-Kim B. Paderog, Ashlie Faith E. Gaduyon, Jaeve P. Jumao-As, Loriene Michaella V. Lagrada, Chiela Mae A. Lamoste, Marian Joy Q. Batiancila https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Hues to Cues: The Influence of Color Cues on Taste Perception
This paper examines how color cues influence taste perception in order to know what is the sensory and psychological reason for preference for certain foods. The experiment used 22 female participants aged 18-25 years old from two academic programs; 16 students from the business-related academic program and 6 students from the English academic program coming from the UM Digos City, Davao del Sur, Philippines. This research used the within-subjects design; thus, each participant was exposed to both the experimental and control conditions. The different colors of hotcakes were evaluated against sensory attributes and hedonic enjoyment using hedonic rating scales. Results from the paired sample t-test showed no statistically significant differences in preferences and hedonic enjoyment between the colored food samples. For example, orange (M = 6.61, SD = 1.06) was only marginally preferred over violet (M = 6.59, SD = 1.17), but this was not statistically significant, t(21) = -0.09, p = 0.926, d = -0.0201. Similar non-significant results were found in comparisons between orange-green and orange-red samples. These results suggest that while orange was slightly higher in preference, the differences across all colors were negligible. The same pattern was observed for orange-green and orange-red comparisons. This result implied that the null hypothesis was accepted because even though orange was only slightly preferred over the other colors, the differences were not of statistical significance. It proves that color plays a very negligible role in preference and pleasure towards food consumption, although exogenous influences of culture, habits, and eating behavior can interfere. It reflects that in future research studies, there must be an enhancement in sample size as well as more profound focus on context and psychology. These implications apply to the field of marketing, design of the product, and practice in sensory evaluation.
Copyright (c) 2025 Alexa Reyna T. Raga, Krisha Nicole O. Tautho, Ruby Jean M. Mahinay, Claire Lynn B. Culajara https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Comparing Writing Speed and Quantity with Sign Pens and Ballpoint Pens: An Experimental Analysis
This study investigated the impact of sign pens and ballpoint pens on writing performance, with a focus on writing speed and quantity. Participants of the study were 20 college students who took part in a within-subject experiment, rewriting a 587-word story under controlled conditions with both pen types. Writing speed was assessed in words per minute, and the total quantity of words was recorded as well. Statistical tools, such as paired sample t-test and Wilcoxon rank test in which results show for speed of writing is that sign pens significantly outperformed the ballpoint pen (p = 0.004, d = 0.740) as well as for the quantity of writing which also revealed great amount of effect (p = 0.020, d = 1.00). Both writing speed and quantity revealed significant difference when using sign pens than ballpoint pens. These finding are beneficial for students, educators, and pen makers, highlighting the significance of ergonomic and effective pen designs in academic fields. Future studies should look into additional variables including grip comfort, hand fatigue, and writing clarity to better understand the function of writing tools in academic performance.
Copyright (c) 2025 Chris Shantana Siton, Shaenly Christell Bao, Angel Micah Rejas, Bea Athena Cabang, Claire Lynn B. Culajara https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
A Comparative Study of Emotional Intelligence in Full-Time and Part-Time Students of Filipino College Students
In today’s educational setting, the difference between full-time students and part-time students is becoming more important. Part-time students frequently have to manage complicated life situations while juggling obligations to their families, jobs, and education. Emotional Intelligence (EI) may develop differently due to the unique challenges faced by working students compared to their full-time peers who typically engage in more traditional academic environments. The need for this study, therefore, arises out of the attempt to make comparisons between the different levels of emotional intelligence. EI of Full-time and Part-time students. Data from a sample of 300 students was gathered using a standardized Emotional Intelligence assessment tool as part of the study’s quantitative descriptive-comparative research approach. For the analysis of the results and to define the importance of any differences between the two groups, the gathered data was analyzed with the help of the Mann Whitney U Test Independent T-test. The conclusion of the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test indicates that the data are not regularly distributed. As a result, the levels of both variables were described by employing the mean and standard deviation. The mean and standard deviation will be utilized. The results showed that Full-time and Part-time students did not tend to have a marked difference in their Emotional quotients. The mean Emotional Intelligence (EI) score for Full-Time students was 3.66 (SD= 0.332), while for the Part-time students’ Emotional Intelligence (EI) score was 3.70 (SD=0.471). This suggests that factors other than employment status may have a greater influence on the Emotional Intelligence (EI) ratios between Full-time and Part-time students.
Copyright (c) 2025 T. M. B. Dulalas, J. P. Deguiñon, K. V. C. Famor, H. J. C. Osma, L. J. Y. Puda, M. J. Q. Batiancila https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Gender Differences in English Language Anxiety among Moroccan University Students: A Cross-Sectional Study
This study focuses on gender differences in English Language anxiety among Moroccan students. A structured questionnaire was employed for data collection by adopting a cross-sectional research design. The respondents comprised 240 university students; the questionnaire included respondents’ demographic data and the English Language Classroom Anxiety Scale (ELCAS). The study aimed to answer three research questions: (1) Does gender significantly influence English language anxiety among Moroccan students? (2) What variables cause male and female students’ English language anxiety? (3) How does English language anxiety affect male and female students’ academic achievement and well-being? The study affirms that the level of English anxiety significantly differs by gender, and the female students had higher English anxiety. Some significantly identified factors include fear of negative evaluation and communication apprehension. The study thus advocates for tailored intervention to address gender-specific language anxiety and promote the student’s academic achievement and well-being.
Copyright (c) 2025 Youssef Baba Khouya https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0