Mindfulness, and Self-Compassion as a Predictors of Psychological Well-Being

ABSTRACT


INTRODUCTION
Mindfulness related to Mental health, Psychological Well-being and Quality of life (Chambers et al., 2009), academic competence, social skills, decreased symptoms of anxiety and depression disorders. the results of one study revealed that mindfulness training helps improve cognitive performance, emotional regulation and help to Reducing anxiety and depression in clinical and nonclinical samples. Mindfulness helps to learn a great deal of self-awareness, increase impulse control, and reduce emotional reaction to distressing events, and conscious behaviour includes that the individual is fully connected to what is happening in the present, whether to what is happening In the external world or the inner world, which enables it to respond to events with full awareness, and non-judgmental awareness leads to the existence of patterns of thinking that help reduce emotional interaction with stressful events. Studies have also shown that mindfulness and mindfulness-based interventions can improve the psychological well-being of college students (Wester et al., 2009). Research has also shown that people who are more self-compassionate report lower depression, lower levels of anxiety. Self-esteem and self-efficacy, compared to less self-compassionate people (Baker & McNulty, 2011) Self-compassion also predicted symptom severity and lower quality of life, self-compassionate people were found to be more accepting of undesirable aspects of their personality in a healthy way, and A key indicator of psychological well-being, and therefore a viable construct for inclusion in mindfulness-based interventions (Van Dam et al., 2011). Self-compassion is associated with a number of positive variables such as achievement of goals, protection from stress, and mastery of learning. of learning, disability-related goals, fear of failure, and acceptance, (Babenko et al., 2018;Babenko & Oswald, 2019;Bluth & Eisenlohr-Moul, 2017;Wagner et al., 2017;Wong & Yeung, 2017). The results of research conducted to investigate the relationship between selfcompassion and psychological well-being showed that there is a relationship between the two variables, in studies conducted on adolescents (Bluth et al., 2016). The results of studies that examined the relationship between self-compassion, sanity, and psychological wellbeing that were conducted on undergraduate and graduate students, concluded that there is a relationship between the variables of current interest (Christie et al., 2017). Compassion itself has psychological benefits related to increased psychological well-being and decreased distress (Neff et al., 2007;Van Dam et al., 2011). Most of the studies conducted focused on one or two variables of interest to the current research, such as psychological well-being and self-compassion, as in the study (Gunnell et al., 2017;Johnson et al., 2017), and other research studies the relationship between psychological well-being and empathy. With the self as in a study (Stallman et al, 2017;Yang & Make, 2017). Or psychological well-being and sanity as in a study (Allen et al., 2017;Christie et al., 2017;Fischer et al., 2017;Galante et al., 2017). This gives a justification to focus the current research on examining the relationship between the sanity variable and compassion Self and psychological well-being, in addition to examining the predictive role of the variable of prudence and self-compassion in psychological wellbeing. Thise gives justification to focus the current research on examining the relationship between mindfulness, selfcompassion, and psychological well-Being. In addition to examining the predictive role of the mindfulness and self compassion in psychological well-Being.
With an average and standard deviation of (37±7) years. The years of education ranged between (8-15) years with mean and standard deviation of (12.7±2.6) years.

Measures
Mindfulness was measured using the 39-item five-facet mindfulness Questionnaire (Baer et al., 2006) consisting of 39 items. The items of scale contain five points Likert type scale array (1 shows never true, 5 represents always true). There are five basic forms designed to determine skills of mindfulness such as observing, descriBeing, acting with awareness, non-judging experience and nonreactivity to inner experience. The scale revealed excellent construct validity as well as reliable with alpha coefficient is .80 for total scale. Self-Compassion was measured using the 26-item Self-Compassion Scale (Neff, 2003). consists of six subscales of 26 items with positive and negative items. Three subscales with positive items contain self-kindness, common humanity and mindfulness. Three subscales with negative items have self-judgment, isolation and over-identification. Responses on Likert five points scale array as (1 almost never to 5 almost always). High positive as well as low negative items of self-compassion means high self-compassion. SCS revealed excellent internal reliability along with Cronbach alpha for the total subscale is 0,7. Psychological Well-Being was measured using the 42-item Psychological Well-Being Scale (Ryff, 1989). The scale measures six areas of PWB: autonomy, environmental mastery, personal growth, positive relations with others, purpose in life, and self-acceptance. Agreement was rated on a 6-point scale from 1 (strong disagreement) to 6 (strong agreement).

Hypothesis 1
Correlation analysis showed that mindfulness and selfcompassion will be positively related to wellbeing, (see Table 1). It was found that mindfulness had a strong positive relationship with Psychological well -Being.

Hypothesis 2
Multiple regression showed that mindfulness and selfcompassion Predictors of Psychological well -Being. (see Table 2).

DISCUSSION
The current study aims to know the Mindfulness, and Self-Compassion as Predictors of Psychological well-Being. The findings of the first hypothesis are consistent with the literature as other studies have also found relationships between mindfulness, self-compassion and wellbeing (Brenner, 2018) which aimed to examine the relationship between self-compassion and psychological distress and psychological well-being in a sample of (789) where the results of the study concluded that there is a positive relationship between self-compassion and psychological well-being, and a negative relationship between psychological distress and psychological wellbeing, and a negative relationship between psychological distress. A positive association was also found between mindfulness and psychological well-being, indicating that those with a high degree of psychological well-being had a higher degree of self-compassion.
The results of the current research agree with the results of the Kuhn study (Kuhn, 2020), which aimed to know the relationship between self-compassion and wellbeing among people living in a poor environment in the United States of America. The study sample consisted of (82) adults, and the study tools were represented in the psychological well-being scale. Prepared by Diner, and the measure of mercy in particular was prepared by Neef, and the results of the study concluded that there is a positive relationship between self-compassion and psychological well-being. It also agrees with the findings of Beer and his colleagues, who conducted a study aimed at examining the relationship between sanity, selfcompassion and psychological well-being. The results of the study found a positive relationship between prudence and self-compassion, and the results indicated that prudence and self-compassion skills contribute to improving psychological well-being associated with mindfulness exercises. It also agrees with the findings of (Bluth & Eisenlohr-Moul, 2017) in their study, which aimed to examine the relationship between prudence, self-compassion, and psychological well-being among adolescents. Between stress, anxiety, stress and depression with self-compassion. The results of the comparison between the pre and post measurement also showed a good effect of the training program based on prudence and compassion in particular in improving psychological well-being and symptoms of anxiety, depression and stress among adolescents.
It also agrees with the study of (Rudaz et al., 2022), which aimed to examine the relationship between sanity, selfcompassion and psychological well-being. I have a sample of (680) university students, (637 females, and 43 males).
In collecting data, the researchers relied on the MAAS scale of sanity, the Reyes scale of self-compassion, the Diener scale of psychological well-being, and the DASS-21 depression scale. The results of the study found a positive relationship between prudence, self-compassion and psychological well-being, and a negative relationship with depression.
The findings of the second hypothesis are consistent with the literature as other studies have also found mindfulness and self-compassion are predictors of Psychological well-Being . The results of the current research agree with the results of the (Miron, 2012) study, which aimed to examine the role of prudence and compassion in predicting mental disorder, health status and psychological well-being, in a sample of (97) university students who were expelled from the university.
The study tools were the five factors scale of sanity prepared by Baer and colleagues, the scale of compassion in particular prepared by Neef, the psychological distress scale prepared by Loved bond, and the health status scale derived from the healthy quality of life scale prepared by Kessler and colleagues. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses indicated that self-compassion is a good predictor of health and psychological well-being, respectively, and that acting consciously, not judging outcomes, and behavioural factors such as a compassionate and unwise attitude toward a person's thoughts and feelings, may be more influential in promoting health and psychological well-being. It agrees with the results of the study (Soysa & Wilcomb, 2013), which aimed to examine the relationship between prudence and self-compassion, and the role of prudence, self-compassion and gender in predicting depression, anxiety and psychological well-being among university students. The research sample consisted of (204) male and female students, The results of the study concluded that there is a positive relationship between well-being, prudence and self-compassion, and self-compassion and prudence contributed to predicting anxiety, depression, distress and psychological well-being, and gender also had a role in predicting anxiety, depression and psychological well-being. It also agrees with study (Bluth & Blanton, 2014), which aimed to examine the relationship between prudence and self-compassion in adolescents, the predictive role of prudence and self-compassion in psychological wellbeing, and prudence as a mediator in the relationship between self-compassion and psychological well-being.
The study sample consisted of (67) adolescents from urban secondary schools. The researchers relied on the Bearer's Children and Adolescents Reasoning Scale, The results of the research concluded that there is a positive relationship between prudence and self-compassion and psychological well-being, and the results of the research also found that both prudence and self-compassion act as mediators with psychological well-being, meaning that prudence and self-compassion have a dynamic role through which the psychological well-being of adolescents is improved.

CONCLUSION
The results of the current research are consistent with the results of previous studies and the theoretical framework, where the results showed through a literature review that there is a close relationship between sanity and self-compassion, as they facilitate and reinforce each other, as models and explanatory theories have shown that both concepts are related to psychological wellbeing (MacBeth & Gumley, 2012). The individual's sense of reason involves attention that occurs in the moment of consciousness (Kabat-Zinn, 2003), with an attitude of compassion and warmth (Marlatt & Kristell, 1999).
Reason also serves as a barrier against the destructive effects of negative self-judgment. Self-compassion is an alternative to negative self-judgment. Having compassion and compassion towards oneself can reduce anxiety and avoidance behaviours, stimulate relaxation and build a sense of connection, safety and trust in others, and thus improve social relationships and other aspects of psychological well-being.